TEST BANK FOR EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE
IN NURSING & HEALTHCARE |ALL CHAPTERS |
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES
NEWEST VERSION
,Table of Contents
1. Making the Case for Evidence-Based Practice and Cultivating a Spirit of Inquiry
2. Asking Compelling Clinical Questions
3. Finding Relevant Evidence to Answer Clinical Questions
4. Critically Appraising Knowledge for Clinical Decision Making
5. Critically Appraising Quantitative Evidence
6. Critically Appraising Qualitative Evidence
7. Integration of Patient Preferences, Values, and Clinician Expertise
8. Advancing Optimal Care with Robust Clinical Practice Guidelines
9. Implementing Evidence in Clinical Settings
10. The Role of Outcomes and Evidence-Based Quality Improvement
11. Implementing EBP Competencies in Clinical and Academic Settings
12. Leadership Strategies for Creating and Sustaining EBP Organizations
13. Innovation and Evidence—A Partnership in Advancing Best Practice and High-Quality
Care
14. Models to Guide Implementation and Sustainability of EBP
15. Creating a Vision and Motivating a Change to Evidence-Based Practice
16. Teaching EBP in Academic Settings
17. Teaching EBP in Clinical Settings
18. ARCC Evidence-Based Practice Mentors: The Key to Sustaining EBP
19. Using Evidence to Influence Health and Organizational Policy
20. Disseminating Evidence through Presentations, Publications, Health Policy Briefs, and
the Media
21. Generating Evidence through Quantitative and Qualitative Research
22. Writing a Successful Grant Proposal to Fund Research and EBP Implementation
23. Ethical Considerations for EBP Implementation and Evidence Generation
,Chapter 1: MAKING THE CASE FOR EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE AND
CULTIVATING A SPIRIT OF INQUIRY
Q1. Which of the following best describes the primary goal of evidence-based
practice (EBP) in healthcare?
A. To limit clinical decisions to randomized controlled trial (RCT) results only
B. To integrate the best available evidence with clinical expertise and patient
preferences
C. To replace clinician judgment with standardized protocols exclusively
D. To increase healthcare spending on research studies
Answer: B.
Rationale: EBP’s primary goal is to integrate best research evidence, clinical
expertise, and patient values to optimize care. A is wrong because EBP considers
multiple evidence types, not only RCTs. C is wrong—EBP supplements clinical
judgment, not replaces it. D is irrelevant and incorrect.
Q2. A nurse advocates for implementing a care practice change based on consistent
findings from multiple high-quality studies. This action primarily demonstrates
which component of a spirit of inquiry?
A. Awareness of bias
B. Clinical autonomy
C. Asking clinical questions and using evidence to inform practice
D. Adherence to tradition
Answer: C.
Rationale: The spirit of inquiry drives nurses to question practice and use
evidence. A is related but not primary. B is not the core aim. D contradicts inquiry.
, Q3. Which of the following is the most likely immediate organizational benefit of
a strong EBP culture?
A. Elimination of all clinical variance
B. Improved patient outcomes and standardized best practices
C. Increased burden on clinicians without benefit
D. Replacement of managers with researchers
Answer: B.
Rationale: EBP culture often leads to improved outcomes and more consistent
best practices. A is unrealistic; clinical variance may reduce but not be eliminated.
C is false; EBP aims to reduce burdens long-term. D is nonsensical.
Q4. The “evidence hierarchy” often places which study design near the top for
questions of therapy?
A. Case report
B. Case-control study
C. Randomized controlled trial (RCT)
D. Expert opinion
Answer: C.
Rationale: RCTs are high-quality designs for therapy questions. A and B are
lower-level evidence; D is lowest.
Q5. Which statement best reflects a barrier to implementing EBP in clinical
settings?
A. Availability of evidence-based guidelines
B. Clinician resistance due to lack of time or skills to appraise evidence
C. An organizational culture that rewards evidence uptake
D. Access to online databases
Answer: B.
IN NURSING & HEALTHCARE |ALL CHAPTERS |
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES
NEWEST VERSION
,Table of Contents
1. Making the Case for Evidence-Based Practice and Cultivating a Spirit of Inquiry
2. Asking Compelling Clinical Questions
3. Finding Relevant Evidence to Answer Clinical Questions
4. Critically Appraising Knowledge for Clinical Decision Making
5. Critically Appraising Quantitative Evidence
6. Critically Appraising Qualitative Evidence
7. Integration of Patient Preferences, Values, and Clinician Expertise
8. Advancing Optimal Care with Robust Clinical Practice Guidelines
9. Implementing Evidence in Clinical Settings
10. The Role of Outcomes and Evidence-Based Quality Improvement
11. Implementing EBP Competencies in Clinical and Academic Settings
12. Leadership Strategies for Creating and Sustaining EBP Organizations
13. Innovation and Evidence—A Partnership in Advancing Best Practice and High-Quality
Care
14. Models to Guide Implementation and Sustainability of EBP
15. Creating a Vision and Motivating a Change to Evidence-Based Practice
16. Teaching EBP in Academic Settings
17. Teaching EBP in Clinical Settings
18. ARCC Evidence-Based Practice Mentors: The Key to Sustaining EBP
19. Using Evidence to Influence Health and Organizational Policy
20. Disseminating Evidence through Presentations, Publications, Health Policy Briefs, and
the Media
21. Generating Evidence through Quantitative and Qualitative Research
22. Writing a Successful Grant Proposal to Fund Research and EBP Implementation
23. Ethical Considerations for EBP Implementation and Evidence Generation
,Chapter 1: MAKING THE CASE FOR EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE AND
CULTIVATING A SPIRIT OF INQUIRY
Q1. Which of the following best describes the primary goal of evidence-based
practice (EBP) in healthcare?
A. To limit clinical decisions to randomized controlled trial (RCT) results only
B. To integrate the best available evidence with clinical expertise and patient
preferences
C. To replace clinician judgment with standardized protocols exclusively
D. To increase healthcare spending on research studies
Answer: B.
Rationale: EBP’s primary goal is to integrate best research evidence, clinical
expertise, and patient values to optimize care. A is wrong because EBP considers
multiple evidence types, not only RCTs. C is wrong—EBP supplements clinical
judgment, not replaces it. D is irrelevant and incorrect.
Q2. A nurse advocates for implementing a care practice change based on consistent
findings from multiple high-quality studies. This action primarily demonstrates
which component of a spirit of inquiry?
A. Awareness of bias
B. Clinical autonomy
C. Asking clinical questions and using evidence to inform practice
D. Adherence to tradition
Answer: C.
Rationale: The spirit of inquiry drives nurses to question practice and use
evidence. A is related but not primary. B is not the core aim. D contradicts inquiry.
, Q3. Which of the following is the most likely immediate organizational benefit of
a strong EBP culture?
A. Elimination of all clinical variance
B. Improved patient outcomes and standardized best practices
C. Increased burden on clinicians without benefit
D. Replacement of managers with researchers
Answer: B.
Rationale: EBP culture often leads to improved outcomes and more consistent
best practices. A is unrealistic; clinical variance may reduce but not be eliminated.
C is false; EBP aims to reduce burdens long-term. D is nonsensical.
Q4. The “evidence hierarchy” often places which study design near the top for
questions of therapy?
A. Case report
B. Case-control study
C. Randomized controlled trial (RCT)
D. Expert opinion
Answer: C.
Rationale: RCTs are high-quality designs for therapy questions. A and B are
lower-level evidence; D is lowest.
Q5. Which statement best reflects a barrier to implementing EBP in clinical
settings?
A. Availability of evidence-based guidelines
B. Clinician resistance due to lack of time or skills to appraise evidence
C. An organizational culture that rewards evidence uptake
D. Access to online databases
Answer: B.
