NU 136 Fundamentals Final Exam |Questions with
Correct Answers| Verified| Latest update 2025/2026
/. Denial (defense mechanism) - Answer-✅psychoanalytic defense mechanism by
which people refuse to believe or even to perceive painful realities.
/.A woman whose husband died a year ago still speaks of him in the present tense and
keeps his wardrobe in the closet.
What type of defense mechanism is she displaying? - Answer-✅denial
/.Rationalization (defense mechanism) - Answer-✅Unconsciously making excuses or
formulate logical reasons to justifying unacceptable feelings or behaviors.
/.A student who did not study for an examination blames his failure on he teacher's poor
lecture material and the unfairness of the examination. What type of defense
mechanism is the student displaying? - Answer-✅rationalization
/.Displacement - Answer-✅discharging intense feelings for one person onto another
object or person who is less threatening, thereby satisfying an impulse with a substitute
object.
/.A child who has been scolded by her other hits her doll with a hairbrush. What type of
defense mechanism is the child displaying? - Answer-✅Displacement
/.blood culture and sensitivity - Answer-✅blood specimen incubated to check for
bacterial growth
/.culture and sensitivity - Answer-✅test performed to determine which antibiotic is most
effective against the bacteria.
/.When are sensitivity test results available? - Answer-✅48 to 72 hours after the culture
/.What type of results would you report in a sensitivity test? - Answer-✅1. resistant
2. susceptible
3. intermediate resistance
,/.Sepsis in the Home Environment: what do you do with contaminated dressings? -
Answer-✅secure contaminated dressings and other disposable supplies in plastic zip-
closure bags before disposal.
/.Sepsis in the Home Environment: what do you do with contaminated linens with blood
or body secretions? - Answer-✅Place contaminated linens in a sealed plastic bag until
laundered. DO NOT launder with regular family laundry.
/.what are the four stages of infection? - Answer-✅1. incubation period
2. prodromal period
3. illness period
4. convalescence period
/.incubation period - Answer-✅the period between exposure to an infection and the
appearance of the first symptoms
/.What stage of infection do localized and systemic signs and symptoms appear? -
Answer-✅-illness period
-signs and symptoms can include: fever, headache, rash, swollen lymph nodes,
leukocytosis, diarrhea and vomiting
/.What is the convalescent period? - Answer-✅recovery period; symptoms begin to
subside and it extends until the patient has returned to a normal state of health
/.Asepsis - Answer-✅the practice of making the environment and objects free of
microorganisms
/.medical asepsis - Answer-✅practices designed to reduce the number and transfer of
pathogens; synonym for clean technique
/.surgical asepsis - Answer-✅-practices that render and keep objects and areas free
from microorganisms
-involves sterilization of all instruments and inanimate equipment that invade the body
and for wound care.
-sterile technique
/.example of medical asepsis - Answer-✅-hand washing
-insertion of an NG tube
/.Example of surgical asepsis - Answer-✅-administering injections
-administering IV therapy
-changing wound dressings
-performing urinary catherization
, /.Nursing actions to promote patient safety - Answer-✅-keep the bed in the low position
if not giving direct care
-lock the bed wheels to prevent the bed from rolling when the patient attempts to get in
or out
-answer call lights quickly so that the patient learns to trust you and does not feel the
need to get up without you
/.Major risk factors for a pressure injury - Answer-✅-immobility
-inactivity
-moisture
-malnutrition
-advanced age
-altered sensory perception
-lowered mental awareness
-friction and shear
/.contributing risk factors for a pressure injury - Answer-✅-dehydration
-obesity
-edema
/.stage 1 pressure injury - Answer-✅-An area of intact skin that is red, deep pink, or
mottled skin
-does not blanch with fingertip pressure
/.stage 2 pressure injury - Answer-✅-partial thickness skin loss with exposed dermis
-may appear as ruptured blister
/.stage 3 pressure injury - Answer-✅-full thickness loss
-looks like deep crater extend to fascia
-subtaneous tissue damaged/necrotic fat visible
-undermining/tunneling may be present
/.stage 4 pressure injury - Answer-✅-full-thickness skin loss with extensive tissue
necrosis or damage to muscle or bone
-the injury may appear black, necrotic tissue(eschar)
/.unstageable pressure injury - Answer-✅-loss full thickness
-base injury covered in eschar ( tan, brown, black) in wound bed
/.When should you not take an oral temperature? - Answer-✅When the patient has:
-smoked
-chewed gum
-consumed hot/cold beverages.
Correct Answers| Verified| Latest update 2025/2026
/. Denial (defense mechanism) - Answer-✅psychoanalytic defense mechanism by
which people refuse to believe or even to perceive painful realities.
/.A woman whose husband died a year ago still speaks of him in the present tense and
keeps his wardrobe in the closet.
What type of defense mechanism is she displaying? - Answer-✅denial
/.Rationalization (defense mechanism) - Answer-✅Unconsciously making excuses or
formulate logical reasons to justifying unacceptable feelings or behaviors.
/.A student who did not study for an examination blames his failure on he teacher's poor
lecture material and the unfairness of the examination. What type of defense
mechanism is the student displaying? - Answer-✅rationalization
/.Displacement - Answer-✅discharging intense feelings for one person onto another
object or person who is less threatening, thereby satisfying an impulse with a substitute
object.
/.A child who has been scolded by her other hits her doll with a hairbrush. What type of
defense mechanism is the child displaying? - Answer-✅Displacement
/.blood culture and sensitivity - Answer-✅blood specimen incubated to check for
bacterial growth
/.culture and sensitivity - Answer-✅test performed to determine which antibiotic is most
effective against the bacteria.
/.When are sensitivity test results available? - Answer-✅48 to 72 hours after the culture
/.What type of results would you report in a sensitivity test? - Answer-✅1. resistant
2. susceptible
3. intermediate resistance
,/.Sepsis in the Home Environment: what do you do with contaminated dressings? -
Answer-✅secure contaminated dressings and other disposable supplies in plastic zip-
closure bags before disposal.
/.Sepsis in the Home Environment: what do you do with contaminated linens with blood
or body secretions? - Answer-✅Place contaminated linens in a sealed plastic bag until
laundered. DO NOT launder with regular family laundry.
/.what are the four stages of infection? - Answer-✅1. incubation period
2. prodromal period
3. illness period
4. convalescence period
/.incubation period - Answer-✅the period between exposure to an infection and the
appearance of the first symptoms
/.What stage of infection do localized and systemic signs and symptoms appear? -
Answer-✅-illness period
-signs and symptoms can include: fever, headache, rash, swollen lymph nodes,
leukocytosis, diarrhea and vomiting
/.What is the convalescent period? - Answer-✅recovery period; symptoms begin to
subside and it extends until the patient has returned to a normal state of health
/.Asepsis - Answer-✅the practice of making the environment and objects free of
microorganisms
/.medical asepsis - Answer-✅practices designed to reduce the number and transfer of
pathogens; synonym for clean technique
/.surgical asepsis - Answer-✅-practices that render and keep objects and areas free
from microorganisms
-involves sterilization of all instruments and inanimate equipment that invade the body
and for wound care.
-sterile technique
/.example of medical asepsis - Answer-✅-hand washing
-insertion of an NG tube
/.Example of surgical asepsis - Answer-✅-administering injections
-administering IV therapy
-changing wound dressings
-performing urinary catherization
, /.Nursing actions to promote patient safety - Answer-✅-keep the bed in the low position
if not giving direct care
-lock the bed wheels to prevent the bed from rolling when the patient attempts to get in
or out
-answer call lights quickly so that the patient learns to trust you and does not feel the
need to get up without you
/.Major risk factors for a pressure injury - Answer-✅-immobility
-inactivity
-moisture
-malnutrition
-advanced age
-altered sensory perception
-lowered mental awareness
-friction and shear
/.contributing risk factors for a pressure injury - Answer-✅-dehydration
-obesity
-edema
/.stage 1 pressure injury - Answer-✅-An area of intact skin that is red, deep pink, or
mottled skin
-does not blanch with fingertip pressure
/.stage 2 pressure injury - Answer-✅-partial thickness skin loss with exposed dermis
-may appear as ruptured blister
/.stage 3 pressure injury - Answer-✅-full thickness loss
-looks like deep crater extend to fascia
-subtaneous tissue damaged/necrotic fat visible
-undermining/tunneling may be present
/.stage 4 pressure injury - Answer-✅-full-thickness skin loss with extensive tissue
necrosis or damage to muscle or bone
-the injury may appear black, necrotic tissue(eschar)
/.unstageable pressure injury - Answer-✅-loss full thickness
-base injury covered in eschar ( tan, brown, black) in wound bed
/.When should you not take an oral temperature? - Answer-✅When the patient has:
-smoked
-chewed gum
-consumed hot/cold beverages.
