SURGERY COMAT COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW
TEST BANK COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2026 100% CORRECT.
⫸ Removal of sessile polyps? Answer: Done via cautery snare
* inject saline underneath the polyp to raise itup and assure that
during polypectomy the muscular layer of the bowel wall is not affect
⫸ what determines the tensile strength of the colonic wall? Answer:
Determined by collagen cross-linking
* the submucosal layer has a high content of collagen fibers and is
where the tensile strength of the bowel lies
therefore constructing a hand-sewn intestinal anastomosis, it is
imperative that this layer is included when extramucosal bites are
taken
⫸ Foods that decrease the LES pressure? Answer: ETOH, tobacco,
chocolate, coffee, and high fat foods
⫸ Causes of GERD? Answer: Impaired relaxation of LES, decreased
esophageal motility, gastric outlet obstruction, hiatal hernia or diet
⫸ clinical feature of GERD? Answer: heartburn
dyspepsia
,cough
Other less common symptoms: hoarseness, sore throat, otitis media,
chest pain
⫸ Risk factors of cholelithiasis? Answer: Age (forty), female,
pregnancy, obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, and cirrhosis
⫸ What are the most common causes of esophagitis? Answer:
noninfectious conditions such as GERD
infectious etiologies are less common and are more common in
immunocompromised
⫸ Most common causes of infectious esophagitis? Answer: Candida,
cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus
⫸ Who gets candida esophagitis? Answer: Most commonly affects
HIV patients
It is an AIDS defining illness because it occurs at a cD4 count below
200/microL
⫸ Hallmark symptoms of esophageal candidiasis? Answer:
odynophagia or painful swallowing, retrosternal pain, fever, and
hematemesis
,⫸ symptoms of peptic ulcer disease? Answer: epigastric pain,
gnawing sensation that occurs after meals
⫸ Risk factors for stable angina pectoris caused by coronary
ischemia? Answer: DM, hyperlipidemia, HTN, cigarette smoking and
age
⫸ prognostic factors for angina include? Answer: venticular function
and coronary vessel patency
⫸ predisposing factors to hiatal hernias? Answer: age, female gender,
pregnancy, lack of dietary fiber, obesity, ascites and esophageal
conditions
⫸ diagnosis of hiatal hernia? Answer: done via chest radiograph or
barium swallow
⫸ Barret's esophagus? Answer: columnar epithelium metaplasia of
the esophagus (normal is squamous epithelium)
⫸ who should be screened for barett's esophagus? Answer: patients
with hx of GERD over the age of 50
⫸ Histological findings of eosinophilic esophagitis? Answer: linear
furrows
, patients presents with dysphagia with or without evidence of stricture
histology confirms presence of eosinophils lined in sheets
⫸ Diagnosis of GERD? Answer: Upper Gastrointestinal endoscopy
with biopsy
most cases can be diagnosed clinically but UGE is indicated if the
condition is refractory to treatment or presents with dysphagia,
odynophagia, or GI bleeding
Biopsy is performed to assess the mucosal changes in the esophagus
⫸ What are complications of GERD and how do you evaluate?
Answer: Complications: strictures, ulceration, webs
Evaluated: via Upper GI series with barium contrast
⫸ Gold standard initial treatment for GERD Answer: PPI = most
potent inhibitors of gastric secretion
⫸ Metoclopramide Answer: is a prokinetic and antiemetic that is only
recommended in patients with GERD symptoms due to esophageal,
extraesophageal and/or gastric dysmotility
TEST BANK COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2026 100% CORRECT.
⫸ Removal of sessile polyps? Answer: Done via cautery snare
* inject saline underneath the polyp to raise itup and assure that
during polypectomy the muscular layer of the bowel wall is not affect
⫸ what determines the tensile strength of the colonic wall? Answer:
Determined by collagen cross-linking
* the submucosal layer has a high content of collagen fibers and is
where the tensile strength of the bowel lies
therefore constructing a hand-sewn intestinal anastomosis, it is
imperative that this layer is included when extramucosal bites are
taken
⫸ Foods that decrease the LES pressure? Answer: ETOH, tobacco,
chocolate, coffee, and high fat foods
⫸ Causes of GERD? Answer: Impaired relaxation of LES, decreased
esophageal motility, gastric outlet obstruction, hiatal hernia or diet
⫸ clinical feature of GERD? Answer: heartburn
dyspepsia
,cough
Other less common symptoms: hoarseness, sore throat, otitis media,
chest pain
⫸ Risk factors of cholelithiasis? Answer: Age (forty), female,
pregnancy, obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, and cirrhosis
⫸ What are the most common causes of esophagitis? Answer:
noninfectious conditions such as GERD
infectious etiologies are less common and are more common in
immunocompromised
⫸ Most common causes of infectious esophagitis? Answer: Candida,
cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus
⫸ Who gets candida esophagitis? Answer: Most commonly affects
HIV patients
It is an AIDS defining illness because it occurs at a cD4 count below
200/microL
⫸ Hallmark symptoms of esophageal candidiasis? Answer:
odynophagia or painful swallowing, retrosternal pain, fever, and
hematemesis
,⫸ symptoms of peptic ulcer disease? Answer: epigastric pain,
gnawing sensation that occurs after meals
⫸ Risk factors for stable angina pectoris caused by coronary
ischemia? Answer: DM, hyperlipidemia, HTN, cigarette smoking and
age
⫸ prognostic factors for angina include? Answer: venticular function
and coronary vessel patency
⫸ predisposing factors to hiatal hernias? Answer: age, female gender,
pregnancy, lack of dietary fiber, obesity, ascites and esophageal
conditions
⫸ diagnosis of hiatal hernia? Answer: done via chest radiograph or
barium swallow
⫸ Barret's esophagus? Answer: columnar epithelium metaplasia of
the esophagus (normal is squamous epithelium)
⫸ who should be screened for barett's esophagus? Answer: patients
with hx of GERD over the age of 50
⫸ Histological findings of eosinophilic esophagitis? Answer: linear
furrows
, patients presents with dysphagia with or without evidence of stricture
histology confirms presence of eosinophils lined in sheets
⫸ Diagnosis of GERD? Answer: Upper Gastrointestinal endoscopy
with biopsy
most cases can be diagnosed clinically but UGE is indicated if the
condition is refractory to treatment or presents with dysphagia,
odynophagia, or GI bleeding
Biopsy is performed to assess the mucosal changes in the esophagus
⫸ What are complications of GERD and how do you evaluate?
Answer: Complications: strictures, ulceration, webs
Evaluated: via Upper GI series with barium contrast
⫸ Gold standard initial treatment for GERD Answer: PPI = most
potent inhibitors of gastric secretion
⫸ Metoclopramide Answer: is a prokinetic and antiemetic that is only
recommended in patients with GERD symptoms due to esophageal,
extraesophageal and/or gastric dysmotility
