TEST BANK For An Introduction
to Brain and Behavior, Verified
all Chapters , Complete Newest
Version
neuroscience - answers the scientific study of the nervous system
biological psychology - answers also called behavioral neuroscience, brain and
behavior, and physiological psychology; the study of the biological bases of
psychological processes and behavior
dualism - answers the notion, promoted by René Descartes, that the mind has an
immaterial aspect that is distinct from the material body and brain
phrenology - answers the belief that bumps on the skull reflect enlargements of brain
regions responsible for certain behavioral faculties
localization of function - answers the concept that different brain regions specialize in
specific behaviors
ontogeny - answers the process by which an individual changes in the course of its
lifetime--that is, grows up and grows old
neuron (nerve cell) - answers the basic unit of the nervous system
neural plasticity (neuroplasticity) - answers the ability of the nervous system to change
in response to experience or environment
adult neurogenesis - answers the creation of new neurons in the brain of an adult
social neuroscience - answers a field of study that uses the tools of neuroscience to
discover the biological bases of social behavior, and the effects of social circumstances
on brain activity
evolutionary psychology - answers a field of study devoted to asking how natural
selection has shaped behavior in humans and other animals
epigenetics - answers the study of factors that affect gene expression without making
any changes in the nucleotide sequence of the genes themselves
gene expression - answers the turning on or off of specific genes
,neuroeconomics - answers the study of brain mechanisms at work during economic
decision making
consciousness - answers the state of awareness of one's own existence, thoughts,
emotions, and experiences
somatic intervention - answers an approach to finding relations between body variables
and behavioral variables that involves manipulating body structure or function and
looking for resultant changes in behavior
independent variable - answers the factor that is manipulated by an experimenter
dependent variable - answers the factor that an experimenter measures to monitor a
change in response to changes in an independent variable
control group - answers a group of research subjects that are identical to an
experimental (or test) group in every way except that they do not receive the
experimental treatment or manipulation. the experimental group is then compared to
this group to assess the effect of the treatment
within-subjects experiment - answers an experiment in which the same set of subjects is
compared before and after an experimental manipulation; the subjects thus serve as
their own controls
between-subjects experiment - answers an experiment in which a group of experimental
subjects is compared with a control group of individuals who have been treated
identically in every way except that they haven't received the experimental manipulation
behavioral intervention - answers an approach to finding relations between body
variables andbehavioral variables that involves intervening in the behavior of an
organism and looking for resultant changes in body structure or function
correlation - answers the covariation of two measures
negative correlation - answers a covariation of two measures in which one of the two
usually goes up when the other goes down (and vice versa)
positive correlation - answers a covariation of two measures in which they both usually
increase together, or always decrease together
causality - answers the relation of cause and effect, such that we can conclude that an
experimental manipulation has specifically caused an observed result
reductionism - answers the scientific strategy of breaking a system down into
increasingly smaller parts in order to understand it
, levels of analysis - answers the scope of experimental approaches; a scientist may try
to understand behavior by monitoring molecules, nerve cells, brain regions, or social
environments, or any combination of these
1. An individual with damage to the primary somatosensory cortex would most have
problems with ____.
a. memory
b. hearing
c. ability to locate where they are being touched
d. balance - answers c. ability to locate where they are being touched
2. Which ability would be most impaired with damage to the vestibular senses?
a. writing
b. hearing
c. visually tracking an object while dancing
d. discriminating salt from sugar - answers c. visually tracking an object while dancing
3. Stimulation of a touch receptor opens ____ channels in the axon.
a. choline
b. potassium
c. sodium
d. calcium - answers c. sodium
4. In adult humans, the taste buds are ____.
a. evenly distributed across the front half of the tongue
b. evenly distributed across the whole tongue
c. concentrated near the center of the tongue
d. concentrated along the outside edge of the tongue - answers d. concentrated along
the outside edge of the tongue
. The somatosensory system involves sensation of ____.
a. sight and sound
b. sound and touch
c. the body and its movements
d. the head and movements of the eyes - answers c. the body and its movements
6. The brain chemicals known as endorphins produce effects similar to which
substance?
a. vitamin B-1 (thiamine)
b. substance P
c. opiates
d. amphetamines - answers c. opiates
7. The sensory aspect of pain activates the ____ cortex, whereas the emotional aspect
activates the ____ cortex.
a. cingulate; somatosensory
b. somatosensory; cingulate
to Brain and Behavior, Verified
all Chapters , Complete Newest
Version
neuroscience - answers the scientific study of the nervous system
biological psychology - answers also called behavioral neuroscience, brain and
behavior, and physiological psychology; the study of the biological bases of
psychological processes and behavior
dualism - answers the notion, promoted by René Descartes, that the mind has an
immaterial aspect that is distinct from the material body and brain
phrenology - answers the belief that bumps on the skull reflect enlargements of brain
regions responsible for certain behavioral faculties
localization of function - answers the concept that different brain regions specialize in
specific behaviors
ontogeny - answers the process by which an individual changes in the course of its
lifetime--that is, grows up and grows old
neuron (nerve cell) - answers the basic unit of the nervous system
neural plasticity (neuroplasticity) - answers the ability of the nervous system to change
in response to experience or environment
adult neurogenesis - answers the creation of new neurons in the brain of an adult
social neuroscience - answers a field of study that uses the tools of neuroscience to
discover the biological bases of social behavior, and the effects of social circumstances
on brain activity
evolutionary psychology - answers a field of study devoted to asking how natural
selection has shaped behavior in humans and other animals
epigenetics - answers the study of factors that affect gene expression without making
any changes in the nucleotide sequence of the genes themselves
gene expression - answers the turning on or off of specific genes
,neuroeconomics - answers the study of brain mechanisms at work during economic
decision making
consciousness - answers the state of awareness of one's own existence, thoughts,
emotions, and experiences
somatic intervention - answers an approach to finding relations between body variables
and behavioral variables that involves manipulating body structure or function and
looking for resultant changes in behavior
independent variable - answers the factor that is manipulated by an experimenter
dependent variable - answers the factor that an experimenter measures to monitor a
change in response to changes in an independent variable
control group - answers a group of research subjects that are identical to an
experimental (or test) group in every way except that they do not receive the
experimental treatment or manipulation. the experimental group is then compared to
this group to assess the effect of the treatment
within-subjects experiment - answers an experiment in which the same set of subjects is
compared before and after an experimental manipulation; the subjects thus serve as
their own controls
between-subjects experiment - answers an experiment in which a group of experimental
subjects is compared with a control group of individuals who have been treated
identically in every way except that they haven't received the experimental manipulation
behavioral intervention - answers an approach to finding relations between body
variables andbehavioral variables that involves intervening in the behavior of an
organism and looking for resultant changes in body structure or function
correlation - answers the covariation of two measures
negative correlation - answers a covariation of two measures in which one of the two
usually goes up when the other goes down (and vice versa)
positive correlation - answers a covariation of two measures in which they both usually
increase together, or always decrease together
causality - answers the relation of cause and effect, such that we can conclude that an
experimental manipulation has specifically caused an observed result
reductionism - answers the scientific strategy of breaking a system down into
increasingly smaller parts in order to understand it
, levels of analysis - answers the scope of experimental approaches; a scientist may try
to understand behavior by monitoring molecules, nerve cells, brain regions, or social
environments, or any combination of these
1. An individual with damage to the primary somatosensory cortex would most have
problems with ____.
a. memory
b. hearing
c. ability to locate where they are being touched
d. balance - answers c. ability to locate where they are being touched
2. Which ability would be most impaired with damage to the vestibular senses?
a. writing
b. hearing
c. visually tracking an object while dancing
d. discriminating salt from sugar - answers c. visually tracking an object while dancing
3. Stimulation of a touch receptor opens ____ channels in the axon.
a. choline
b. potassium
c. sodium
d. calcium - answers c. sodium
4. In adult humans, the taste buds are ____.
a. evenly distributed across the front half of the tongue
b. evenly distributed across the whole tongue
c. concentrated near the center of the tongue
d. concentrated along the outside edge of the tongue - answers d. concentrated along
the outside edge of the tongue
. The somatosensory system involves sensation of ____.
a. sight and sound
b. sound and touch
c. the body and its movements
d. the head and movements of the eyes - answers c. the body and its movements
6. The brain chemicals known as endorphins produce effects similar to which
substance?
a. vitamin B-1 (thiamine)
b. substance P
c. opiates
d. amphetamines - answers c. opiates
7. The sensory aspect of pain activates the ____ cortex, whereas the emotional aspect
activates the ____ cortex.
a. cingulate; somatosensory
b. somatosensory; cingulate
