PSL300 Final Exam Questions With Complete Solutions
'half-center' structure Correct Answers 1. flexor burst generator
drives flexor motor nuclei; 2. extensor burst generator drives
extensors
2-point discrimination Correct Answers if you can tell if you're
being touched at two places simultaneously or just one
24 hr oscillator Correct Answers based on gene
transcription/translation; modulated by retinal input, pineal input
and reticular activating systems
Ad fibers Correct Answers thicker than C's, myelinated
adrenal medulla Correct Answers neuro-endocrine tissue acting
with the SNS; modified sympathetic ganglion
adrenergic Correct Answers for stressful situations, vigilance
amplitude Correct Answers determines perception of loudness
amygdala Correct Answers major center for autonomic control;
output generally inhibitory, emotional memories
analgesics Correct Answers aspirin, opioids, bodies natural
painkillers such as endorphina, enkephalins and dynorphins
ANS Correct Answers sympathetic and parasympathetic parts
,arm swings Correct Answers flexion phase synchronous with
contra-lateral flexion in leg; phase-linking via propriospinal
tracts
auditory nerve Correct Answers aka cochlear nerve, a branch of
cranial nerve VIII
auditory signals Correct Answers pass from each ear to both
sides of the brain
autonomic reflexes Correct Answers used to produce functional
reflexes; goal is to maintain homeostasis
Babinski sign Correct Answers reflex in babies where the
extensor thrust reflex is influenced by the corticospinal tract and
is elicited at rest by touching sole of baby's foot
baroreflex Correct Answers cardiovascular center; controls
blood pressure and allows for its adjustment; baroreceptors >
nucleus solitary tract > ventrolateral medulla > sympathetic
output
basilar membrane Correct Answers responds to different
frequencies at different points
bitter receptor cells Correct Answers detect poison
blue-yellow opponent channel Correct Answers either excited
by blue and inhibited by red and green (yellow) or the opposite
, brain localizes sounds based on _______ and _______ Correct
Answers loudness; timing
brainstem autonomic centers Correct Answers cardiovascular
center, and respiratory pattern generator in lateral medulla/pons
C fibers Correct Answers unmyelinated
cardiac muscle contraction Correct Answers increase force of
contraction by increasing muscle length (Starling law)
cardiac muscle Correct Answers contractile muscles in the
heart; striated, gap-junctions for synchronous beat
central hearing loss Correct Answers damage to the cortex or
the pathways from cochlea to cortex
central pattern generators (CPGs) Correct Answers networks of
interneurons in the spinal cord and brainstem coordinate the
interaction of many different motor groups (locomotion,
respiration)
chain of small bones (malleus > incus > stapes) Correct Answers
conveys vibrations through the middle ear
chemoreception Correct Answers use of chemicals to perceive a
sense (smell and taste)
cholinergic Correct Answers determines level of attention, and
sleep-wake cycle; mainly ascending
'half-center' structure Correct Answers 1. flexor burst generator
drives flexor motor nuclei; 2. extensor burst generator drives
extensors
2-point discrimination Correct Answers if you can tell if you're
being touched at two places simultaneously or just one
24 hr oscillator Correct Answers based on gene
transcription/translation; modulated by retinal input, pineal input
and reticular activating systems
Ad fibers Correct Answers thicker than C's, myelinated
adrenal medulla Correct Answers neuro-endocrine tissue acting
with the SNS; modified sympathetic ganglion
adrenergic Correct Answers for stressful situations, vigilance
amplitude Correct Answers determines perception of loudness
amygdala Correct Answers major center for autonomic control;
output generally inhibitory, emotional memories
analgesics Correct Answers aspirin, opioids, bodies natural
painkillers such as endorphina, enkephalins and dynorphins
ANS Correct Answers sympathetic and parasympathetic parts
,arm swings Correct Answers flexion phase synchronous with
contra-lateral flexion in leg; phase-linking via propriospinal
tracts
auditory nerve Correct Answers aka cochlear nerve, a branch of
cranial nerve VIII
auditory signals Correct Answers pass from each ear to both
sides of the brain
autonomic reflexes Correct Answers used to produce functional
reflexes; goal is to maintain homeostasis
Babinski sign Correct Answers reflex in babies where the
extensor thrust reflex is influenced by the corticospinal tract and
is elicited at rest by touching sole of baby's foot
baroreflex Correct Answers cardiovascular center; controls
blood pressure and allows for its adjustment; baroreceptors >
nucleus solitary tract > ventrolateral medulla > sympathetic
output
basilar membrane Correct Answers responds to different
frequencies at different points
bitter receptor cells Correct Answers detect poison
blue-yellow opponent channel Correct Answers either excited
by blue and inhibited by red and green (yellow) or the opposite
, brain localizes sounds based on _______ and _______ Correct
Answers loudness; timing
brainstem autonomic centers Correct Answers cardiovascular
center, and respiratory pattern generator in lateral medulla/pons
C fibers Correct Answers unmyelinated
cardiac muscle contraction Correct Answers increase force of
contraction by increasing muscle length (Starling law)
cardiac muscle Correct Answers contractile muscles in the
heart; striated, gap-junctions for synchronous beat
central hearing loss Correct Answers damage to the cortex or
the pathways from cochlea to cortex
central pattern generators (CPGs) Correct Answers networks of
interneurons in the spinal cord and brainstem coordinate the
interaction of many different motor groups (locomotion,
respiration)
chain of small bones (malleus > incus > stapes) Correct Answers
conveys vibrations through the middle ear
chemoreception Correct Answers use of chemicals to perceive a
sense (smell and taste)
cholinergic Correct Answers determines level of attention, and
sleep-wake cycle; mainly ascending
