ASU Bio 181 Esqueda Exam 2 Questions And
Answers Verified 100% correct
Hydrophobic ligands - answer water soluble and polar, usually large and won't cross the plasma
membrane, bind to extracellular receptors
Other Ligands - answer small, non polar, short-half life, can only travel short distances
Internal receptors - answer (intracellular receptors and cytoplasmic receptors) respond to
hydrophobic ligands that cross plasma membrane
Cell surface receptors - answer (transmembrane receptors, membrane anchored proteins) bind
to external ligands, along the plasma membrane
Signal transduction - answer extracellular signals produce an intracellular response
Ion channel linked receptors - answer binding of ligand on extracellular side causes opening of
an ion channel and lets ions into the cell
G-protein linked receptors - answer ligands bind to a receptor which activates a G protein
causing the release of a second messenger such as camp
Enzyme linked receptors - answer (receptor kinase) extracellular binds to signal while
intracellular kinase enzyme transfers phosphate group from ATP to another molecule, one
molecule binds to another and adds phosphate group which allows more proteins to bind and
become active, molecules enter nucleus and turn on gene expression SIGNAL IS AMPLIFIED
FROM KINASE TO KINASE
Cyclic AMP (camp) - answer ATP converts to camp in g-protein linked reception, amplifies the
cell signal
G-proteins - answer active when bound to GTP, inactive wen bound to GDP
Signal propagation - answer signal travels
Intracrine signaling - answer where the ligand and receptor are made and bind to each other in
the same cell
Autocrine signaling - answer signals produced from a cell that binds to a receptor on that same
cell
Gap junctions - answer target cells connected by gap junctions, signaling between adjacent cells
, Paracrine signaling - answer signals that act locally between cells that are close together, quick
response
Juxtacrine signaling - answer signaling that targets adjacent cells by direct contact, signals
transmitted along cell membranes
Endocrine signaling - answer signals from distant cells, produces hormones, slower response
but last longer
Pheromones - answer chemicals capable of acting like hormones to impact the behavior of the
recipient
Quorum sensing - answer The ability of bacteria to sense the presence of other bacteria via
secreted chemical signals.
Receptor protein - answer Membrane protein that triggers a change in cell activity after binding
to a particular substance.
Signaling molecules - answer ligands, neurotransmitters, pheromones, hormones: bind to
receptors
Intercellular communication - answer "between cells"
Intracellular communication - answer "within cells"
Small hydrophobic ligands - answer directly diffuse through the plasma membrane and interact
with internal receptors
Signaling cell - answer cell that releases signal molecules that allow communication with
another cell
Signaling molecule - answer The carrier of information transmitted when the signaling
molecule binds to a receptor; also referred to as a ligand.
Receptor proteins - answer Proteins that transmit information in and out of cells. They allow
communication between cells.
Responding cell - answer the cell that receives information from the signaling molecule
Receptor activation - answer single binds to a receptor which is then activated
Cell surface receptor - answer polar signaling molecule (cannot cross plasma membrane),
extracellular domain
Answers Verified 100% correct
Hydrophobic ligands - answer water soluble and polar, usually large and won't cross the plasma
membrane, bind to extracellular receptors
Other Ligands - answer small, non polar, short-half life, can only travel short distances
Internal receptors - answer (intracellular receptors and cytoplasmic receptors) respond to
hydrophobic ligands that cross plasma membrane
Cell surface receptors - answer (transmembrane receptors, membrane anchored proteins) bind
to external ligands, along the plasma membrane
Signal transduction - answer extracellular signals produce an intracellular response
Ion channel linked receptors - answer binding of ligand on extracellular side causes opening of
an ion channel and lets ions into the cell
G-protein linked receptors - answer ligands bind to a receptor which activates a G protein
causing the release of a second messenger such as camp
Enzyme linked receptors - answer (receptor kinase) extracellular binds to signal while
intracellular kinase enzyme transfers phosphate group from ATP to another molecule, one
molecule binds to another and adds phosphate group which allows more proteins to bind and
become active, molecules enter nucleus and turn on gene expression SIGNAL IS AMPLIFIED
FROM KINASE TO KINASE
Cyclic AMP (camp) - answer ATP converts to camp in g-protein linked reception, amplifies the
cell signal
G-proteins - answer active when bound to GTP, inactive wen bound to GDP
Signal propagation - answer signal travels
Intracrine signaling - answer where the ligand and receptor are made and bind to each other in
the same cell
Autocrine signaling - answer signals produced from a cell that binds to a receptor on that same
cell
Gap junctions - answer target cells connected by gap junctions, signaling between adjacent cells
, Paracrine signaling - answer signals that act locally between cells that are close together, quick
response
Juxtacrine signaling - answer signaling that targets adjacent cells by direct contact, signals
transmitted along cell membranes
Endocrine signaling - answer signals from distant cells, produces hormones, slower response
but last longer
Pheromones - answer chemicals capable of acting like hormones to impact the behavior of the
recipient
Quorum sensing - answer The ability of bacteria to sense the presence of other bacteria via
secreted chemical signals.
Receptor protein - answer Membrane protein that triggers a change in cell activity after binding
to a particular substance.
Signaling molecules - answer ligands, neurotransmitters, pheromones, hormones: bind to
receptors
Intercellular communication - answer "between cells"
Intracellular communication - answer "within cells"
Small hydrophobic ligands - answer directly diffuse through the plasma membrane and interact
with internal receptors
Signaling cell - answer cell that releases signal molecules that allow communication with
another cell
Signaling molecule - answer The carrier of information transmitted when the signaling
molecule binds to a receptor; also referred to as a ligand.
Receptor proteins - answer Proteins that transmit information in and out of cells. They allow
communication between cells.
Responding cell - answer the cell that receives information from the signaling molecule
Receptor activation - answer single binds to a receptor which is then activated
Cell surface receptor - answer polar signaling molecule (cannot cross plasma membrane),
extracellular domain
