LECTURE 6
IMMUNOLOGY OF TRANSPLANTATION
TRANSPLANTATION
Transplantation is the transfer of cells, tissues or organs from one
site to another.
Tissue (graft) involves transfer of tissue from one individual
(donor) to another (recipient or host).
To date, lack of organs still remains an impediment despite
development of surgical techniques.
Accident victims or living donors act as source of organs.
Transplantation terminology
Autograft: self tissue transferred from one body site to another of the same
individual.
Isograft: between identical individuals.
Allograft: between different members of the same species.
Xenograft: between different species.
THE IMMUNE SYSTEM AND TRANSPLANTATION
103
, The immune system and transplantation
Most formidable barrier to transplantation is immune system.
Immune system protects organism from attack by foreign agents
and also causes graft rejection.
Specific donor antigens on tissue cells induces immune response
of host.
Likelihood of survival depends on closeness of relationship
between 2 individuals.
Discovery of human ABO blood groups was a key event in the
development of successful transplantation.
Immediate goal of transplantation immunology is to prevent graft
rejection.
Use of various immunosuppressive agents which diminish
immunologic attack on grafts.
Induction of specific tolerance to grafts without suppressing
immune responses.
HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGENS AND TRANSPLANTATION
Histocompatible tissues: antigenically similar and do not induce an
immunologic response that leads to tissue rejection.
Histoincompatible tissues: significant antigenic differences, induce
immunologic response leading to rejection.
MHC GENETICS IN MICE
104
IMMUNOLOGY OF TRANSPLANTATION
TRANSPLANTATION
Transplantation is the transfer of cells, tissues or organs from one
site to another.
Tissue (graft) involves transfer of tissue from one individual
(donor) to another (recipient or host).
To date, lack of organs still remains an impediment despite
development of surgical techniques.
Accident victims or living donors act as source of organs.
Transplantation terminology
Autograft: self tissue transferred from one body site to another of the same
individual.
Isograft: between identical individuals.
Allograft: between different members of the same species.
Xenograft: between different species.
THE IMMUNE SYSTEM AND TRANSPLANTATION
103
, The immune system and transplantation
Most formidable barrier to transplantation is immune system.
Immune system protects organism from attack by foreign agents
and also causes graft rejection.
Specific donor antigens on tissue cells induces immune response
of host.
Likelihood of survival depends on closeness of relationship
between 2 individuals.
Discovery of human ABO blood groups was a key event in the
development of successful transplantation.
Immediate goal of transplantation immunology is to prevent graft
rejection.
Use of various immunosuppressive agents which diminish
immunologic attack on grafts.
Induction of specific tolerance to grafts without suppressing
immune responses.
HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGENS AND TRANSPLANTATION
Histocompatible tissues: antigenically similar and do not induce an
immunologic response that leads to tissue rejection.
Histoincompatible tissues: significant antigenic differences, induce
immunologic response leading to rejection.
MHC GENETICS IN MICE
104
