CSAD 147 Exam 3 Questions with Verified Solutions Latest Update 2025/2026
An Assessment of Speech Sound Disorders Enables the Clinician to: - Answers -Describe a
client's current speech abilities
-Compare the client's speech abilities to normal expectation
-Determine the cause, if possible if a speech disorder is possible
-Recommend an appropriate plan for remediation, if needed
-Measure changes over time
Screening - Answers -Purpose: quickly identify normal vs. may have disorder
-Then referred for a complete evaluation
-Does not have to be formal
-There are formal, developed screeners
-Can develop your own screening
Identifying Sound Errors From a Speech Sample- Analyze a speech sample with a focus on the
following behaviors: - Answers -Error types
-Patterns of errors
-Number of errors
-Consistency of errors between speech sample and articulation test, within the same speech
sample, and between different speech samples
-Correctly produced sounds
-Intelligibility
-Speech rate
-prosody
Stimulability - Answers -Ability to produce correct or improved production of an erred sound
-Assessment of stimulability provides important prognostic information
>Those sounds easily stimulated provide excellent starting points
-Clinician must know what needs to be changed in order to improve production
-Visually observing client's erred productions
, -Stimulability probes (there are books to help)
Developmental Norms for Phonemes and Consonant Clusters - Answers -Limitations of
overreliance of developmental norms
<A norm is only an average age at which a behavior occurs - hypothetical child
<True norms are collected from and apply to a normal randomly selected sample
<Different norms are rarely in agreement with each other
-Norms are useful for estimating how well a child's sounds are developing
Descriptive Features of Phonemes - Answers -Manner of Articulation - stops, fricatives, affricate,
glide, liquid, nasal
-Place of Articulation - bilabial, labiodental, dental, alveolar, palatal, velar, glottal
-Vowels :
>Manner of Articulation - high, mid, low
>Place of Articulation - front, center, back
-Phonological processes: "active" if used more than 30-40% of the time
Phonological Processes - Answers -It describes what children do in the normal developmental
process of speech to simplify adult speech
intelligibility may be impaired
-Advantage: Can target error patterns vs. individual phonemes
Childhood Apraxia of Speech (CAS) - Answers -A child with CAS has difficulty sequencing
sounds, syllables and words for speech
-Similar to acquired apraxia of speech (AOS)
-Significant negative impact on linguistic and phonological development
-ASHA identified three core features of CAS
>Inconsistent errors on consonants and vowels in repeated productions of syllables and words
>Lengthened and disrupted coarticulatory transitions between sounds and syllables
An Assessment of Speech Sound Disorders Enables the Clinician to: - Answers -Describe a
client's current speech abilities
-Compare the client's speech abilities to normal expectation
-Determine the cause, if possible if a speech disorder is possible
-Recommend an appropriate plan for remediation, if needed
-Measure changes over time
Screening - Answers -Purpose: quickly identify normal vs. may have disorder
-Then referred for a complete evaluation
-Does not have to be formal
-There are formal, developed screeners
-Can develop your own screening
Identifying Sound Errors From a Speech Sample- Analyze a speech sample with a focus on the
following behaviors: - Answers -Error types
-Patterns of errors
-Number of errors
-Consistency of errors between speech sample and articulation test, within the same speech
sample, and between different speech samples
-Correctly produced sounds
-Intelligibility
-Speech rate
-prosody
Stimulability - Answers -Ability to produce correct or improved production of an erred sound
-Assessment of stimulability provides important prognostic information
>Those sounds easily stimulated provide excellent starting points
-Clinician must know what needs to be changed in order to improve production
-Visually observing client's erred productions
, -Stimulability probes (there are books to help)
Developmental Norms for Phonemes and Consonant Clusters - Answers -Limitations of
overreliance of developmental norms
<A norm is only an average age at which a behavior occurs - hypothetical child
<True norms are collected from and apply to a normal randomly selected sample
<Different norms are rarely in agreement with each other
-Norms are useful for estimating how well a child's sounds are developing
Descriptive Features of Phonemes - Answers -Manner of Articulation - stops, fricatives, affricate,
glide, liquid, nasal
-Place of Articulation - bilabial, labiodental, dental, alveolar, palatal, velar, glottal
-Vowels :
>Manner of Articulation - high, mid, low
>Place of Articulation - front, center, back
-Phonological processes: "active" if used more than 30-40% of the time
Phonological Processes - Answers -It describes what children do in the normal developmental
process of speech to simplify adult speech
intelligibility may be impaired
-Advantage: Can target error patterns vs. individual phonemes
Childhood Apraxia of Speech (CAS) - Answers -A child with CAS has difficulty sequencing
sounds, syllables and words for speech
-Similar to acquired apraxia of speech (AOS)
-Significant negative impact on linguistic and phonological development
-ASHA identified three core features of CAS
>Inconsistent errors on consonants and vowels in repeated productions of syllables and words
>Lengthened and disrupted coarticulatory transitions between sounds and syllables
