CSAD 147 Exam 2 Questions with Correct Answers Latest Update 2025/2026
Mean - Answers average
Median - Answers Middle number
Mode - Answers most frequently occurring score
Empirical Rule for a Normal Curve - Answers - 68% of all outcomes will fall within one standard
deviation of the mean (34% on each side)
- 95% of all outcomes will fall within two standard deviations of the mean (47.5% on each side)
- 99.7% of all outcomes will fall within three standard deviations of the mean (49.85% on each
side)
Raw score - Answers The score they get on a particular assessment
Standard score - Answers - reflects performance compared to average and the normal
distribution.
- Standard scores are used to determine whether a test taker's performance is average, above
average, or below average.
- Most common standard score average value =100
Standard deviation - Answers determines the width, or spread, and it represents the distribution
away from the group average.
Scaled score - Answers - reflects performance compared to the normative sample
- allow the tester to compare the abilities of the test taker to the appropriate normative sample
(as defined by the test designer in terms of age, gender, ethnicity, etc.).
z score - Answers the number of standard deviations a particular score is from the mean
percentile score - Answers tells the percentage of people scoring at or below a given score
Stanine (aka Standard Nine) - Answers - A stanine is a score based on a 9-unit scale, where a
score of 5 describes average performance. Each stanine unit (except for 1 and 9) is equally
distributed across the curve.
Confidence Interval - Answers - A range in which you are confident that the score is accurate to
their ability
- Increases the reliability of the test
- 90% or 95% confidence
, - 90% lower range of scores
- 95% higher range of scores
Age Equivalence/Grade Equivalence - Answers reflects the average raw score for a particular
age (or grade)
Composite scores - Answers - A single data point that represents a combination of information
from a variety of variables or data points
- Core test with multiple subtests may group a few of the subtests by a common characteristic
-I.e., looking at multiple subtests to find a score for memory or listening
Descriptive term - Answers -Provides a word to describe the numerical score
-Helps other understand psychometric data
-Determined by the test maker
-Not standardized which can actually make it more confusing
Standardization sampling - Answers -Purposeful selection of test items
-Do not select all material within an area
-Select items that statistically represent the whole
-Determined by the maker
Written Case Histories: Potential Problems - Answers -Terminology (developmental milestones
vs. specific questions)
-Insufficient time (Lots of questions that parents don't have time for)
-Vague recall of information (can provide average range to help, did they walk early, late, or the
same as other kids)
-Too much time elapsed
-Other life events
-Cultural differences
Allergy Awareness - Answers -Can be mild to life threatening
-Food products may be used in assessment or therapy
Intake Interviews - Answers -Opening phase
Mean - Answers average
Median - Answers Middle number
Mode - Answers most frequently occurring score
Empirical Rule for a Normal Curve - Answers - 68% of all outcomes will fall within one standard
deviation of the mean (34% on each side)
- 95% of all outcomes will fall within two standard deviations of the mean (47.5% on each side)
- 99.7% of all outcomes will fall within three standard deviations of the mean (49.85% on each
side)
Raw score - Answers The score they get on a particular assessment
Standard score - Answers - reflects performance compared to average and the normal
distribution.
- Standard scores are used to determine whether a test taker's performance is average, above
average, or below average.
- Most common standard score average value =100
Standard deviation - Answers determines the width, or spread, and it represents the distribution
away from the group average.
Scaled score - Answers - reflects performance compared to the normative sample
- allow the tester to compare the abilities of the test taker to the appropriate normative sample
(as defined by the test designer in terms of age, gender, ethnicity, etc.).
z score - Answers the number of standard deviations a particular score is from the mean
percentile score - Answers tells the percentage of people scoring at or below a given score
Stanine (aka Standard Nine) - Answers - A stanine is a score based on a 9-unit scale, where a
score of 5 describes average performance. Each stanine unit (except for 1 and 9) is equally
distributed across the curve.
Confidence Interval - Answers - A range in which you are confident that the score is accurate to
their ability
- Increases the reliability of the test
- 90% or 95% confidence
, - 90% lower range of scores
- 95% higher range of scores
Age Equivalence/Grade Equivalence - Answers reflects the average raw score for a particular
age (or grade)
Composite scores - Answers - A single data point that represents a combination of information
from a variety of variables or data points
- Core test with multiple subtests may group a few of the subtests by a common characteristic
-I.e., looking at multiple subtests to find a score for memory or listening
Descriptive term - Answers -Provides a word to describe the numerical score
-Helps other understand psychometric data
-Determined by the test maker
-Not standardized which can actually make it more confusing
Standardization sampling - Answers -Purposeful selection of test items
-Do not select all material within an area
-Select items that statistically represent the whole
-Determined by the maker
Written Case Histories: Potential Problems - Answers -Terminology (developmental milestones
vs. specific questions)
-Insufficient time (Lots of questions that parents don't have time for)
-Vague recall of information (can provide average range to help, did they walk early, late, or the
same as other kids)
-Too much time elapsed
-Other life events
-Cultural differences
Allergy Awareness - Answers -Can be mild to life threatening
-Food products may be used in assessment or therapy
Intake Interviews - Answers -Opening phase
