MAJOR FIELD TEST IN PSYCHOLOGY B.
The smart way to Pass | Real Tests, Real results!
Introspection - Answer: Focusing on inner sensations, images and feelings.
Wundt used this approach as did James with the stream of consciousness.
Behaviorists - Answer: John B. Watson and B.F. Skinner dismissed introspection and
redefined psychology as the scientific study of observable behavior.
Humanistic Psychology - Answer: Rebelled against both Behaviorism and Freudian
psychology. Pioneers Carl Rogers and Maslow emphasized the importance of current
environmental influences on our growth potential.
Psychology - Answer: Science of behavior and mental processes.
Nature-nurture issue - Answer: The controversy over the relative contributions of biology
and experience to the development of our traits and behaviors.
Biopsychosocial approach - Answer: Considers the influences of biological, psychological,
and social-cultural factors.
Applied research - Answer: practical research- industrial organizational psychologists
Hindsight bias - Answer: The tendency to believe after learning an outcome, that we would
have foreseen it. The I knew it all along phenomenon)
Overconfidence - Answer: Humans tend to think they know more than they do.
Theory - Answer: An explanation using an integrated set of principles that organizes
observations and predicts behaviors or events
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,Hypothesis - Answer: Testable prediction
Case study - Answer: Examines one individual in depth in hope of revealing things true of us
all
Naturalistic observation - Answer: Observing and recording behavior in a naturally
occurring situation without trying to manipulate or control the situation
Correlation - Answer: the extent to which two factors vary together. Positive/negative
ranges from -1 to 1. Correlation does not imply causation.
Experiment - Answer: Enable to the researcher to focus on the possible effects of one or
more factors by 1) manipulating the factors of interest and 2) holding constant other factors
Experimental group - Answer: receives a treatment
Control group - Answer: receives a pseudotreatment
Double-blind procedure - Answer: neither the participants nor the research assistants
collecting the data will know which group is receiving the treatment
Dendrite - Answer: the neurons busy branching extensions that receive messages and
conduct impulses toward the cell body
Axon - Answer: The neurons extension that passes messages through its branching
terminal fibers that form junctions with other neurons
Action potential - Answer: short electrical charge that travels down its axon
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, Synapse - Answer: the meeting point between neurons
Neurotransmitters - Answer: chemical messengers that cross the synaptic gap between
neurons. Will travel across the synapse and bind to the receiving neuron
Somatic nervous system - Answer: Enables voluntary control of our skeletal muscles
Autonomic nervous system - Answer: controls our glands and the muscles of our internal
organs
Sympathetic nervous system - Answer: arouses and expends energy. Will accelerate your
heartbeat, etc.
Parasympathetic nervous system - Answer: produces opposite effects it conserves the
energy as it calms you by decreasing your heart beat and lowering your heart beat.
Adrenal glands - Answer: on top of the kidneys and release epinephrine and
norepinephrine.
Pituitary gland - Answer: located in the center of the brain and is controlled by the
hypothalamus: master gland.
Brainstem - Answer: the oldest part and central core of the brain: is responsible for
autonomic survival
Medulla - Answer: the base of the brainstem controls your heartbeat and breathing
Pons - Answer: helps coordinate movements
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
3
The smart way to Pass | Real Tests, Real results!
Introspection - Answer: Focusing on inner sensations, images and feelings.
Wundt used this approach as did James with the stream of consciousness.
Behaviorists - Answer: John B. Watson and B.F. Skinner dismissed introspection and
redefined psychology as the scientific study of observable behavior.
Humanistic Psychology - Answer: Rebelled against both Behaviorism and Freudian
psychology. Pioneers Carl Rogers and Maslow emphasized the importance of current
environmental influences on our growth potential.
Psychology - Answer: Science of behavior and mental processes.
Nature-nurture issue - Answer: The controversy over the relative contributions of biology
and experience to the development of our traits and behaviors.
Biopsychosocial approach - Answer: Considers the influences of biological, psychological,
and social-cultural factors.
Applied research - Answer: practical research- industrial organizational psychologists
Hindsight bias - Answer: The tendency to believe after learning an outcome, that we would
have foreseen it. The I knew it all along phenomenon)
Overconfidence - Answer: Humans tend to think they know more than they do.
Theory - Answer: An explanation using an integrated set of principles that organizes
observations and predicts behaviors or events
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
1
,Hypothesis - Answer: Testable prediction
Case study - Answer: Examines one individual in depth in hope of revealing things true of us
all
Naturalistic observation - Answer: Observing and recording behavior in a naturally
occurring situation without trying to manipulate or control the situation
Correlation - Answer: the extent to which two factors vary together. Positive/negative
ranges from -1 to 1. Correlation does not imply causation.
Experiment - Answer: Enable to the researcher to focus on the possible effects of one or
more factors by 1) manipulating the factors of interest and 2) holding constant other factors
Experimental group - Answer: receives a treatment
Control group - Answer: receives a pseudotreatment
Double-blind procedure - Answer: neither the participants nor the research assistants
collecting the data will know which group is receiving the treatment
Dendrite - Answer: the neurons busy branching extensions that receive messages and
conduct impulses toward the cell body
Axon - Answer: The neurons extension that passes messages through its branching
terminal fibers that form junctions with other neurons
Action potential - Answer: short electrical charge that travels down its axon
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
2
, Synapse - Answer: the meeting point between neurons
Neurotransmitters - Answer: chemical messengers that cross the synaptic gap between
neurons. Will travel across the synapse and bind to the receiving neuron
Somatic nervous system - Answer: Enables voluntary control of our skeletal muscles
Autonomic nervous system - Answer: controls our glands and the muscles of our internal
organs
Sympathetic nervous system - Answer: arouses and expends energy. Will accelerate your
heartbeat, etc.
Parasympathetic nervous system - Answer: produces opposite effects it conserves the
energy as it calms you by decreasing your heart beat and lowering your heart beat.
Adrenal glands - Answer: on top of the kidneys and release epinephrine and
norepinephrine.
Pituitary gland - Answer: located in the center of the brain and is controlled by the
hypothalamus: master gland.
Brainstem - Answer: the oldest part and central core of the brain: is responsible for
autonomic survival
Medulla - Answer: the base of the brainstem controls your heartbeat and breathing
Pons - Answer: helps coordinate movements
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
3
