BIO 181 EXAM CH. 12, 13, 14 QUESTIONS
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS 2025-2026
what is binary fusion? CORRECT ANSWER
The chromosome replicates (beginning at the origin of replication) and two daughter chromosomes acti
vely move apart
In what kind of organisms does binary fission occur? CORRECT
ANSWER Prokaryotic cells and unicellular protozoa (only some, not all)
What are the roles of mitosis? CORRECT ANSWER Growth, reprodution, and Damage repair
In which cells mitosis occurs? CORRECT ANSWER
root and shoot apices of plants, In eukaryotes, Somatic cells (vegetative cells)
What are the phases in mitosis? CORRECT ANSWER
prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
What happens during prophase of mitosis? CORRECT ANSWER
nuclear envelope degenerates, nucleus disappears, chromosomes become condensed
What happens during prometaphase of mitosis? CORRECT ANSWER
DNARcondenses, nuclear envelope degenerates, spindle fibers tighter, polar fibers extend from the poles
to true equatorial plate
What happens during metaphase of mitosis? CORRECT ANSWER
chromosomes have moved to the center of the cell, chromosomes align in single file on the metaphase
plate
What happens during anaphase of mitosis? CORRECT ANSWER
DNARis duplicated allowing chromosomes to separate, chromatids separate, migrate to separate poles (o
wn daughter chromosomes), fibers shorten
, What happens during telophase of mitosis? CORRECT ANSWER
completes mitosis, a membrane forms around each set of chromosomes, nuclei reappears, spindle fiber
s disappear, chromosomes uncoil (invisible again), two daughter cells interphase
What is cytokinesis? CORRECT ANSWER -follows mitosis, cell divides into two daughter cells
How does cytokinesis occur in a plant cell? CORRECT ANSWER plate formation
How does cytokinesis occur in an animal cell? CORRECT ANSWER cleavage
What are sister chromatids? CORRECT ANSWER joined copies of the original
chromo- some
What happens during interphase? CORRECT ANSWER
a cell grows by producing proteins and cytoplasmic organelles, duplication of chromosomes
When does interphase occur? CORRECT ANSWER before mitosis
Are the daughter cells produced by mitosis identical or different? CORRECT ANSWER identical
What happens when the cell cycle control system does not work? CORRECT
ANSWER If the cell does not receive the go-
ahead signal in G1 checkpoint, it will exit the cycle, switching into a nondividing state called the G0 phas
e
What happens during meiosis I? CORRECT ANSWER the chromosomes split into sister chromatids
What events occur during prophase I of meiosis I? CORRECT ANSWER crossing over occurs
What is the outcome of tetrad formation and crossing over during prophase I of meiosis I?
CORRECT ANSWER
tetrad is the foursome of chromatids that forms when replicated homologous chromosomes align. It mu
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS 2025-2026
what is binary fusion? CORRECT ANSWER
The chromosome replicates (beginning at the origin of replication) and two daughter chromosomes acti
vely move apart
In what kind of organisms does binary fission occur? CORRECT
ANSWER Prokaryotic cells and unicellular protozoa (only some, not all)
What are the roles of mitosis? CORRECT ANSWER Growth, reprodution, and Damage repair
In which cells mitosis occurs? CORRECT ANSWER
root and shoot apices of plants, In eukaryotes, Somatic cells (vegetative cells)
What are the phases in mitosis? CORRECT ANSWER
prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
What happens during prophase of mitosis? CORRECT ANSWER
nuclear envelope degenerates, nucleus disappears, chromosomes become condensed
What happens during prometaphase of mitosis? CORRECT ANSWER
DNARcondenses, nuclear envelope degenerates, spindle fibers tighter, polar fibers extend from the poles
to true equatorial plate
What happens during metaphase of mitosis? CORRECT ANSWER
chromosomes have moved to the center of the cell, chromosomes align in single file on the metaphase
plate
What happens during anaphase of mitosis? CORRECT ANSWER
DNARis duplicated allowing chromosomes to separate, chromatids separate, migrate to separate poles (o
wn daughter chromosomes), fibers shorten
, What happens during telophase of mitosis? CORRECT ANSWER
completes mitosis, a membrane forms around each set of chromosomes, nuclei reappears, spindle fiber
s disappear, chromosomes uncoil (invisible again), two daughter cells interphase
What is cytokinesis? CORRECT ANSWER -follows mitosis, cell divides into two daughter cells
How does cytokinesis occur in a plant cell? CORRECT ANSWER plate formation
How does cytokinesis occur in an animal cell? CORRECT ANSWER cleavage
What are sister chromatids? CORRECT ANSWER joined copies of the original
chromo- some
What happens during interphase? CORRECT ANSWER
a cell grows by producing proteins and cytoplasmic organelles, duplication of chromosomes
When does interphase occur? CORRECT ANSWER before mitosis
Are the daughter cells produced by mitosis identical or different? CORRECT ANSWER identical
What happens when the cell cycle control system does not work? CORRECT
ANSWER If the cell does not receive the go-
ahead signal in G1 checkpoint, it will exit the cycle, switching into a nondividing state called the G0 phas
e
What happens during meiosis I? CORRECT ANSWER the chromosomes split into sister chromatids
What events occur during prophase I of meiosis I? CORRECT ANSWER crossing over occurs
What is the outcome of tetrad formation and crossing over during prophase I of meiosis I?
CORRECT ANSWER
tetrad is the foursome of chromatids that forms when replicated homologous chromosomes align. It mu
