SDM 2002001040 SDM Certification CARE Practice Exam
Question 1. Which of the following best describes the primary goal of
Software‑Defined Networking (SDN)?
A) Consolidate routing and switching functions into a single device
B) Decouple the control plane from the data plane
C) Replace all hardware routers with virtual routers
D) Increase the number of physical network links
Answer: B
Explanation: SDN’s core principle is separating the control logic (control plane)
from the forwarding hardware (data plane) to enable centralized programmability.
Question 2. In a classic SDN architecture, which plane is responsible for
forwarding packets based on flow rules?
A) Application plane
B) Control plane
C) Data plane
D) Management plane
Answer: C
Explanation: The data plane (or forwarding plane) handles packet forwarding
according to the flow entries installed by the controller.
Question 3. Which protocol is most commonly used by an SDN controller to
program flow tables in OpenFlow‑enabled switches?
A) BGP
,SDM 2002001040 SDM Certification CARE Practice Exam
B) NETCONF
C) OpenFlow
D) SNMP
Answer: C
Explanation: OpenFlow is the standard protocol that allows a controller to add,
modify, or delete flow entries in the switch’s flow tables.
Question 4. Which SDN deployment model combines a centralized controller with
locally distributed control functions for scalability?
A) Centralized only
B) Hybrid
C) Distributed only
D) Edge‑only
Answer: B
Explanation: A hybrid model retains a central controller but also deploys local
agents or secondary controllers to reduce latency and improve scalability.
Question 5. Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) primarily aims to run network
functions on which type of hardware?
A) Specialized ASICs
B) Commercial off‑the‑shelf (COTS) servers
C) Legacy routers
D) Field‑programmable gate arrays (FPGAs)
,SDM 2002001040 SDM Certification CARE Practice Exam
Answer: B
Explanation: NFV abstracts network functions from proprietary hardware and runs
them on commodity COTS servers, reducing CAPEX and OPEX.
Question 6. In the NFV Architecture Framework, which component is directly
responsible for managing the physical compute, storage, and network resources?
A) NFV Orchestrator (NFVO)
B) VNF Manager (VNFM)
C) Virtualized Infrastructure Manager (VIM)
D) OSS/BSS
Answer: C
Explanation: The VIM handles allocation, monitoring, and lifecycle of the
virtualized infrastructure resources.
Question 7. Which of the following is an example of a Virtual Network Function
(VNF)?
A) Physical firewall appliance
B) vEPC (virtual Evolved Packet Core)
C) Stand‑alone router OS
D) Analog telephone switch
Answer: B
Explanation: vEPC is a software‑based implementation of the EPC, running as a
VNF on NFVI.
, SDM 2002001040 SDM Certification CARE Practice Exam
Question 8. What is the main benefit of using container‑based virtualization (e.g.,
Docker) for network functions compared to traditional hypervisor‑based VMs?
A) Higher hardware cost
B. Slower boot times
C) Lower resource overhead and faster scaling
D) Requires dedicated hardware appliances
Answer: C
Explanation: Containers share the host OS kernel, resulting in less overhead and
quicker instantiation than full VMs, which is advantageous for cloud‑native NFs.
Question 9. Which SDN protocol uses YANG data models for device configuration
and management?
A) OpenFlow
B) NETCONF
C) OSPF
D) MPLS
Answer: B
Explanation: NETCONF works with YANG models to provide programmable,
structured configuration of network devices.
Question 10. In 5G Core (5GC), which network function primarily handles
authentication and authorization of subscribers?
Question 1. Which of the following best describes the primary goal of
Software‑Defined Networking (SDN)?
A) Consolidate routing and switching functions into a single device
B) Decouple the control plane from the data plane
C) Replace all hardware routers with virtual routers
D) Increase the number of physical network links
Answer: B
Explanation: SDN’s core principle is separating the control logic (control plane)
from the forwarding hardware (data plane) to enable centralized programmability.
Question 2. In a classic SDN architecture, which plane is responsible for
forwarding packets based on flow rules?
A) Application plane
B) Control plane
C) Data plane
D) Management plane
Answer: C
Explanation: The data plane (or forwarding plane) handles packet forwarding
according to the flow entries installed by the controller.
Question 3. Which protocol is most commonly used by an SDN controller to
program flow tables in OpenFlow‑enabled switches?
A) BGP
,SDM 2002001040 SDM Certification CARE Practice Exam
B) NETCONF
C) OpenFlow
D) SNMP
Answer: C
Explanation: OpenFlow is the standard protocol that allows a controller to add,
modify, or delete flow entries in the switch’s flow tables.
Question 4. Which SDN deployment model combines a centralized controller with
locally distributed control functions for scalability?
A) Centralized only
B) Hybrid
C) Distributed only
D) Edge‑only
Answer: B
Explanation: A hybrid model retains a central controller but also deploys local
agents or secondary controllers to reduce latency and improve scalability.
Question 5. Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) primarily aims to run network
functions on which type of hardware?
A) Specialized ASICs
B) Commercial off‑the‑shelf (COTS) servers
C) Legacy routers
D) Field‑programmable gate arrays (FPGAs)
,SDM 2002001040 SDM Certification CARE Practice Exam
Answer: B
Explanation: NFV abstracts network functions from proprietary hardware and runs
them on commodity COTS servers, reducing CAPEX and OPEX.
Question 6. In the NFV Architecture Framework, which component is directly
responsible for managing the physical compute, storage, and network resources?
A) NFV Orchestrator (NFVO)
B) VNF Manager (VNFM)
C) Virtualized Infrastructure Manager (VIM)
D) OSS/BSS
Answer: C
Explanation: The VIM handles allocation, monitoring, and lifecycle of the
virtualized infrastructure resources.
Question 7. Which of the following is an example of a Virtual Network Function
(VNF)?
A) Physical firewall appliance
B) vEPC (virtual Evolved Packet Core)
C) Stand‑alone router OS
D) Analog telephone switch
Answer: B
Explanation: vEPC is a software‑based implementation of the EPC, running as a
VNF on NFVI.
, SDM 2002001040 SDM Certification CARE Practice Exam
Question 8. What is the main benefit of using container‑based virtualization (e.g.,
Docker) for network functions compared to traditional hypervisor‑based VMs?
A) Higher hardware cost
B. Slower boot times
C) Lower resource overhead and faster scaling
D) Requires dedicated hardware appliances
Answer: C
Explanation: Containers share the host OS kernel, resulting in less overhead and
quicker instantiation than full VMs, which is advantageous for cloud‑native NFs.
Question 9. Which SDN protocol uses YANG data models for device configuration
and management?
A) OpenFlow
B) NETCONF
C) OSPF
D) MPLS
Answer: B
Explanation: NETCONF works with YANG models to provide programmable,
structured configuration of network devices.
Question 10. In 5G Core (5GC), which network function primarily handles
authentication and authorization of subscribers?
