ADN 202 - CARDIO: VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM (VTE) - EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED A+ 2025/2026

ADN 202 - CARDIO: VENOUS
THROMBOEMBOLISM (VTE) - EXAM 1
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED A+
2025/2026




What is a venous thrombosis - ANS - formation of a thrombus (clot) with vein inflammation

* most common venous disorder

- superficial vein thrombosis

- deep vein thrombosis (DVT)

- venous thromboembolism (VTE)

* DVT can turn into a pulmonary embolism (PE)



what is Virchow's triad - ANS - venous stasis

- damage to endothelium

- hypercoagulability of blood



what is venous stasis - ANS - dysfunctional valves

- inactive extremity muscles

- at risk


1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.

, * obese, pregnant, chronic HF or AFib, traveling on long trips without exercise, prolonged
surgery, prolonged immobility



describe endothelial damage - ANS - stimulates platelet activation and starts coagulation
cascade, which predisposes patient to thrombus development

- direct damage

* surgery, burns, IV catheter, trauma, prior VTE

- indirect damage

* chemotherapy, diabetes, sepsis



describe hypercoagulability of blood - ANS - occurs with many disorders:

- anemia, polycythemia

- cancer

- nephrotic syndrome

- high homocysteine levels

- coagulation disorders

- sepsis

- drugs: corticosteroids, estrogens

- smoking



who is at high risk for hypercoagulability of blood - ANS - very high risk: women who:

- use tobacco

* smoking increases plasma fibrinogen, homocysteine levels and activates intrinsin coagulation
pathway

- are childbearing age and take estrogen-based oral contraceptives

- are postmenopausal and take oral hormone therapy

- are over age 35

2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.