AFAA PERSONAL TRAINER
CERTIFICATION STUDY GUIDE EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED A+
2025/2026
Myocardial Infarction - ANS Hear attack occurs due to lack of blood flow through the
coronary arteries to the heart muscle
Ischemia - ANS lack of blood flow
Stroke Volume - ANS the amount of blood pumped with each beat or systole
Cardiac Output - ANS heart rate x stroke volume. usually measured in liters (or milileters) of
blood pumped per minute
Venous Return - ANS The amount of blood returned to the heart by the veins
Valsalva Maneuver - ANS occurs when a person holds his or her breath during a strenuous
activity, such as lifting weights or shoveling snow
Minute Ventilation - ANS total amount of air breathed per minute
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
,Residual lung volume - ANS amount of air remaining in the lungs after a complete and total
forced exhale
Forced vital capacity - ANS amount of air that can be forcefully exhaled after a maximal
inahle
Total lung capacity - ANS sum of the residual volume and the forced vital capacity
Glucose - ANS body's usable form of carbohydrate
Lactic Acid - ANS produced in muscles during rapid exercise when the body cannot supply
enough oxygen to the tissues
Glycolysis - ANS a metabolic process that breaks down carbohydrates and sugars through a
series of reactions to either pyruvic acid or lactic acid and release energy for the body in the
form of ATP
Mitochondria - ANS a subcellular structure where oxidation takes place
Beta oxidation - ANS A metabolic sequence that breaks fatty acids down to two-carbon
fragments that enter the citric acid cycle as acetyl CoA.
Krebs cycle - ANS the acetyl CoA formed in the first component of aerobic metabolism enters
into the citric acid cycle
Electron transport system - ANS the final sequence of reactions in the aerobic production of
ATP
Maximal oxygen uptake - ANS the maximum amount of oxygen consumed and utilized by the
body during an all-out effort to exhaustion
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, Excess Post-Exercise Oxygen Consumption - ANS additional oxygen consumed immediately
after an exercise bout when the body is no longer exercising
Sarcomere - ANS each section of a myofibril in muscle
Actin - ANS structural protein that makes up the thin filaments of myofibrils; functions in
muscle contraction
Anatomical Position - ANS standing position with hands down and palms facing forward
Supine - ANS lying on the spine
Prone - ANS lying face down
Axial Skeleton - ANS part of the skeleton that contains skull, vertebral column, ribs, and
sternum
Synovial joints - ANS have a small space between the articulating bones that allows for a
greater range of motion
Cartilage - ANS a white, semi-opaque, fibrous connective tissue that cushions the joints and
prevents wear on the joint surfaces
Synovial membrane - ANS secretes synovial fluid which provides nourishment, lubrication,
and hydrotastic cushioning for the joint
Bursae - ANS liquid-filled membranes that protect soft tissues as they pass by bony
projections
Ligament - ANS band of fibrous tissue that connects bone to bone and provides joint stability.
3 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
CERTIFICATION STUDY GUIDE EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED A+
2025/2026
Myocardial Infarction - ANS Hear attack occurs due to lack of blood flow through the
coronary arteries to the heart muscle
Ischemia - ANS lack of blood flow
Stroke Volume - ANS the amount of blood pumped with each beat or systole
Cardiac Output - ANS heart rate x stroke volume. usually measured in liters (or milileters) of
blood pumped per minute
Venous Return - ANS The amount of blood returned to the heart by the veins
Valsalva Maneuver - ANS occurs when a person holds his or her breath during a strenuous
activity, such as lifting weights or shoveling snow
Minute Ventilation - ANS total amount of air breathed per minute
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
,Residual lung volume - ANS amount of air remaining in the lungs after a complete and total
forced exhale
Forced vital capacity - ANS amount of air that can be forcefully exhaled after a maximal
inahle
Total lung capacity - ANS sum of the residual volume and the forced vital capacity
Glucose - ANS body's usable form of carbohydrate
Lactic Acid - ANS produced in muscles during rapid exercise when the body cannot supply
enough oxygen to the tissues
Glycolysis - ANS a metabolic process that breaks down carbohydrates and sugars through a
series of reactions to either pyruvic acid or lactic acid and release energy for the body in the
form of ATP
Mitochondria - ANS a subcellular structure where oxidation takes place
Beta oxidation - ANS A metabolic sequence that breaks fatty acids down to two-carbon
fragments that enter the citric acid cycle as acetyl CoA.
Krebs cycle - ANS the acetyl CoA formed in the first component of aerobic metabolism enters
into the citric acid cycle
Electron transport system - ANS the final sequence of reactions in the aerobic production of
ATP
Maximal oxygen uptake - ANS the maximum amount of oxygen consumed and utilized by the
body during an all-out effort to exhaustion
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, Excess Post-Exercise Oxygen Consumption - ANS additional oxygen consumed immediately
after an exercise bout when the body is no longer exercising
Sarcomere - ANS each section of a myofibril in muscle
Actin - ANS structural protein that makes up the thin filaments of myofibrils; functions in
muscle contraction
Anatomical Position - ANS standing position with hands down and palms facing forward
Supine - ANS lying on the spine
Prone - ANS lying face down
Axial Skeleton - ANS part of the skeleton that contains skull, vertebral column, ribs, and
sternum
Synovial joints - ANS have a small space between the articulating bones that allows for a
greater range of motion
Cartilage - ANS a white, semi-opaque, fibrous connective tissue that cushions the joints and
prevents wear on the joint surfaces
Synovial membrane - ANS secretes synovial fluid which provides nourishment, lubrication,
and hydrotastic cushioning for the joint
Bursae - ANS liquid-filled membranes that protect soft tissues as they pass by bony
projections
Ligament - ANS band of fibrous tissue that connects bone to bone and provides joint stability.
3 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
