BIOD 121 (PORTAGE) MODULE 4:
VITAMINS AND MINEARLS EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED A+
2025/2026
Vitamins - ANS organic compounds that the body needs in small amounts, almost exclusively
obtained through the diet.
Function of vitamines? - ANS help regulate and support a variety of processes related to
digestion, absorption, metabolism, and body regulations.
Yield no energy: - ANS vitamines
Vitamins are important for: - ANS growth and maintenance of our bodies
How many essential vitamins are there? - ANS 13 known
Essential Vitamins: - ANS found in both plant and animal sources, and the majority cannot be
synthesized by the human body.
Exceptions to vitamins that do not have to be consumed by in the diet: - ANS Vitamin K and
biotin (produced from gut flora in the GI tract), and vitamin D which is synthesized in the skin
through sunlight
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, Two vitamins can be produced through precursors: - ANS Vitamin A can be produced after we
consume food containing beta carotene, and niacin can be produced when we consume foods
containing the amino acid tryptophan.
Organic compounds must meet 2 criteria in order to be considered a vitamin: - ANS 1)
enough of the compound must be consumed in the diet to maintain health
2) symptoms of deficiency occur in the absence of the compound, resulting in declining health,
but is restored when the deficiency is corrected.
Why do we fortify and enrich our foods? - ANS During manufacturing of food, some nutrients
are lost.
Enrichment: - ANS the process of taking nutrients that were lost in the milling or processing
of the food and adding them back to the final product
Fortification - ANS process of supplementing a product with additional vitamins that would
not normally be in that product (i.e. putting vitamin D in orange juice or adding vitamins to
cereal)
Vitamins can be classified as: - ANS fat soluble or water soluble
Fat-soluble vitamins: - ANS dependent on dietary fat for absorption. Once absorbed they are
stored in adipose tissue and liver.
Vitamins A, D, E, and K are: - ANS fat soluble
Since fat-soluble vitamins are not easily excreted from the body, excess consumption over time
could lead to: - ANS toxic levels in the body
Two forms of Vitamin A: - ANS Preformed (Retinol, Retinal) and Provitamin (carotenoids)
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
VITAMINS AND MINEARLS EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED A+
2025/2026
Vitamins - ANS organic compounds that the body needs in small amounts, almost exclusively
obtained through the diet.
Function of vitamines? - ANS help regulate and support a variety of processes related to
digestion, absorption, metabolism, and body regulations.
Yield no energy: - ANS vitamines
Vitamins are important for: - ANS growth and maintenance of our bodies
How many essential vitamins are there? - ANS 13 known
Essential Vitamins: - ANS found in both plant and animal sources, and the majority cannot be
synthesized by the human body.
Exceptions to vitamins that do not have to be consumed by in the diet: - ANS Vitamin K and
biotin (produced from gut flora in the GI tract), and vitamin D which is synthesized in the skin
through sunlight
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, Two vitamins can be produced through precursors: - ANS Vitamin A can be produced after we
consume food containing beta carotene, and niacin can be produced when we consume foods
containing the amino acid tryptophan.
Organic compounds must meet 2 criteria in order to be considered a vitamin: - ANS 1)
enough of the compound must be consumed in the diet to maintain health
2) symptoms of deficiency occur in the absence of the compound, resulting in declining health,
but is restored when the deficiency is corrected.
Why do we fortify and enrich our foods? - ANS During manufacturing of food, some nutrients
are lost.
Enrichment: - ANS the process of taking nutrients that were lost in the milling or processing
of the food and adding them back to the final product
Fortification - ANS process of supplementing a product with additional vitamins that would
not normally be in that product (i.e. putting vitamin D in orange juice or adding vitamins to
cereal)
Vitamins can be classified as: - ANS fat soluble or water soluble
Fat-soluble vitamins: - ANS dependent on dietary fat for absorption. Once absorbed they are
stored in adipose tissue and liver.
Vitamins A, D, E, and K are: - ANS fat soluble
Since fat-soluble vitamins are not easily excreted from the body, excess consumption over time
could lead to: - ANS toxic levels in the body
Two forms of Vitamin A: - ANS Preformed (Retinol, Retinal) and Provitamin (carotenoids)
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
