BIOLOGY 1400 FINAL EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED A+
2025/2026
Order of scientific method - ANS observation, question, hypothesis, experiment, analysis,
conclusion
control group - ANS constant variable( does not change)
treatment group - ANS the group that receives the treatment
placebo - ANS an inert or innocuous substance used especially in controlled experiments
testing the efficacy of another substance (such as a drug).
blind study - ANS study where the test subjects do not know who is receiving the treatment.
double blind study - ANS study where neither the subjects nor the investigator knows who is
receiving the treatment and who is a control subject.
independent variable - ANS The experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable whose
effect is being studied.
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
,dependent variable - ANS The outcome factor; the variable that may change in response to
manipulations of the independent variable.
correlation - ANS a statistical measure that expresses the extent to which two variables are
linearly related
primary literature - ANS first publication of scientific research that contains actual data with
controls
secondary literature - ANS sources that give a basic overview of a topic, or summarize
research results
scientific theory - ANS multiple different scientists conclude the same thing after they
conduct several experiments of their own design.
scientific law - ANS A statement that describes what scientists expect to happen every time
under a particular set of conditions
Proteins - ANS polymers of the 20 amino acid monomers. Are the most numerous and
versatile of the four biomolecules.Contain nitrogen
carbs - ANS the next-most-versatile biomolecules. Are simple monomer sugars and polymers
of simple sugars
lipids - ANS fourth category of biomolecules, better known as fats, oils, and sterols
nucelic acids - ANS large biomolecules that play essential roles in all cells and viruses. Major
functions of nucleic acids involve the storage and expression of genomic information
polar molecules - ANS When electrons are unequally shared between atoms, partial electrical
charges result within a molecule.(water)
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, nonpolar molecules - ANS not soluble in water because water molecules cannot surround
them in a hydrogen-bonded network
hydrophillic - ANS water loving, molecules that are able to dissolve in water
hydrophobic - ANS water hating molecules, molecules that cannot dissolve in water
active transport - ANS requires energy to pass something from one side of a cell membrane
to another
passive transport - ANS does not require energy but is usually regulated by transport proteins
Auqaporin - ANS is a membrane protein that allows for the passive transport of water, across
the hydrophobic lipid bilayer.
Exocytisis - ANS movement of molecule out the cell by vesicles.
Endocytisis - ANS movement of molecules into cells
prokaryotes - ANS single-celled organisms lacking a nucleus and complex internal
compartments.
eukaryotes - ANS single celled or multicellular.DNA is protected by a nucleus. Their cells
typically possess many membrane-enclosed compartments called organelles
ribosomes - ANS "Reads" RNA to make proteins. all cells have them
Cytoskeleton - ANS a network of protein cylinders and filaments.Forms the framework of a
cell.Organizes the interior of a eukaryotic cell.Supports the intracellular movement of
3 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED A+
2025/2026
Order of scientific method - ANS observation, question, hypothesis, experiment, analysis,
conclusion
control group - ANS constant variable( does not change)
treatment group - ANS the group that receives the treatment
placebo - ANS an inert or innocuous substance used especially in controlled experiments
testing the efficacy of another substance (such as a drug).
blind study - ANS study where the test subjects do not know who is receiving the treatment.
double blind study - ANS study where neither the subjects nor the investigator knows who is
receiving the treatment and who is a control subject.
independent variable - ANS The experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable whose
effect is being studied.
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
,dependent variable - ANS The outcome factor; the variable that may change in response to
manipulations of the independent variable.
correlation - ANS a statistical measure that expresses the extent to which two variables are
linearly related
primary literature - ANS first publication of scientific research that contains actual data with
controls
secondary literature - ANS sources that give a basic overview of a topic, or summarize
research results
scientific theory - ANS multiple different scientists conclude the same thing after they
conduct several experiments of their own design.
scientific law - ANS A statement that describes what scientists expect to happen every time
under a particular set of conditions
Proteins - ANS polymers of the 20 amino acid monomers. Are the most numerous and
versatile of the four biomolecules.Contain nitrogen
carbs - ANS the next-most-versatile biomolecules. Are simple monomer sugars and polymers
of simple sugars
lipids - ANS fourth category of biomolecules, better known as fats, oils, and sterols
nucelic acids - ANS large biomolecules that play essential roles in all cells and viruses. Major
functions of nucleic acids involve the storage and expression of genomic information
polar molecules - ANS When electrons are unequally shared between atoms, partial electrical
charges result within a molecule.(water)
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, nonpolar molecules - ANS not soluble in water because water molecules cannot surround
them in a hydrogen-bonded network
hydrophillic - ANS water loving, molecules that are able to dissolve in water
hydrophobic - ANS water hating molecules, molecules that cannot dissolve in water
active transport - ANS requires energy to pass something from one side of a cell membrane
to another
passive transport - ANS does not require energy but is usually regulated by transport proteins
Auqaporin - ANS is a membrane protein that allows for the passive transport of water, across
the hydrophobic lipid bilayer.
Exocytisis - ANS movement of molecule out the cell by vesicles.
Endocytisis - ANS movement of molecules into cells
prokaryotes - ANS single-celled organisms lacking a nucleus and complex internal
compartments.
eukaryotes - ANS single celled or multicellular.DNA is protected by a nucleus. Their cells
typically possess many membrane-enclosed compartments called organelles
ribosomes - ANS "Reads" RNA to make proteins. all cells have them
Cytoskeleton - ANS a network of protein cylinders and filaments.Forms the framework of a
cell.Organizes the interior of a eukaryotic cell.Supports the intracellular movement of
3 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
