,Porth’s Pathophysiology 10th Edition Norris Test Bank
1. At an international nursing conference, many discussions and breakout sessions focused
on the World Health Organization (WHO) views on health. Of the following comments
made by nurses during a discussion session, which statements would be considered a g
ood representation of the WHO definition? Select all that apply.
A) Interests in keeping the elderly population engaged in such activities as book
reviews and word games during social time
B) Increase in the number of chair aerobics classes provided in the skilled care
$i
facilities
C) Interventions geared toward keeping the elderly population diagnosed with diabe
tes mellitus under tight blood glucose control by providing in-
home cooking classes
D) Providing transportation for renal dialysis patients to and from their hemodialysis
$i
sessions
E) Providing handwashing teaching sessions to a group of youngchildren
$i
Ans: A, B, C, E
Feedback:
The WHO definition of health is defined as ―a state of complete physical, mental, and s
ocial well-
being and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity.‖ Engaging in book reviews f
$i
acilitates mental and social well-being; chair aerobics helps facilitate physical well-
being; and assisting with tight control of diabetes helps with facilitating physical well-
being even though the person has a chronic disease. Handwashing is vital in the preventi
on of disease and spread of germs.
2. A community health nurse is teaching a group of recent graduates about the large v
ariety of factors that influence an individual's health or lack thereof. The nurse is re
ferring to the Healthy People 2020 report from the U.S. Department of Health and H
uman Services as a teaching example. Of the following aspects discussed, which w
ould be considered a determinant of health that is outside the focus of this report?
A) The client has a diverse background by being of Asian and Native American d
escent and practices various alternative therapies to minimize effects ofstress.
B) The client has a family history of cardiovascular disease related to hyperch
olesterolemia and remains noncompliant with the treatment regime.
C) The client has a good career with exceptional preventative health care benefits.
D) The client lives in an affluent, clean, suburban community with access to many
health care facilities.
Ans: B
Feedback:
In Healthy People 2020, the focus is to promote good health to all (such as using altern
ative therapies to minimize effects of stress); achieving health equity and promoting he
alth for all (which includes having good health care benefits); and promoting good healt
h (which includes living in a clean community with good access to health care). A client
's noncompliance with treatments to control high cholesterol levels within the presence
of a family history of CV disease does not meet the ―attaining lives free of preventable
disease and premature death‖ determinant.
,3. A physician is providing care for a number of patients on a medical unit of a large, univ
ersity hospital. The physician is discussing with a colleague the differentiation between
diseases that are caused by abnormal molecules and diseases that causedisease. Which o
f the following patients most clearly demonstrates the consequences of molecules that c
ause disease?
A) A 31-year-
old woman with sickle cell anemia who is receiving a transfusion of packed red
blood cells
B) A 91-year-
old woman who has experienced an ischemic stroke resulting from familial hy
$i
percholesterolemia
C) A 19-year-
old man with exacerbation of his cystic fibrosis requiring oxygen therapy an
$i
d chest physiotherapy
D) A 30-year-
old homeless man who has Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) and is HIV pos
itive.
Ans: D
Feedback:
PCP is an example of the effect of a molecule that directly contributes to disease. Sickle
cell anemia, familial hypercholesterolemia, and cystic fibrosis are all examples of the ef
fects of abnormal molecules.
4. A member of the health care team is researching the etiology and pathogenesis of a n
$i
umber of clients who are under his care in a hospital context. Which of the following a
$i
spects of clients' situations bN
$i $i esUtR
i$ chSaI
raN
ctGerTizBe.
$i s pCaOt hMo gen es is rather than etiology?
$i
A) A client who has been exposed to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacterium
B) A client who has increasing serum ammonia levels due to liver cirrhosis
C) A client who was admitted with the effects of methyl alcohol poisoning
$i
D) A client with multiple skeletal injuries secondary to a motor vehicle accident
Ans: B
Feedback:
Pathogenesis refers to the progressive and evolutionary course of disease, such as the inc
reasing ammonia levels that accompany liver disease. Bacteria, poisons, and traumatic i
njuries are examples of etiologic factors.
, 5. A new myocardial infarction patient requiring angioplasty and stent placement has arriv
ed to his first cardiac rehabilitation appointment. In this first session, a review of the pat
hogenesis of coronary artery disease is addressed. Which statement by the patient verifie
s to the nurse that he has understood the nurse's teachings about coronary artery disease
?
A) ―All I have to do is stop smoking, and then I won't have any more heartattacks.‖
$i
B) ―My artery was clogged by fat, so I will need to stop eating fatty foodslike
$i
French fries every day.‖
C) ―Sounds like this began because of inflammation inside my artery that made it
easy to form fatty streaks, which lead to my clogged artery.‖
D) ―If I do not exercise regularly to get my heart rate up, blood pools in the veins c
ausing a clot that stops blood flow to the muscle, and I will have a heart attack.‖
$i
Ans: C
Feedback:
The true etiology/cause of coronary artery disease (CAD) is unknown; however, the pat
hogenesis of the disorder relates to the progression of the inflammatory process from a f
atty streak to the occlusive vessel lesion seen in people with coronary artery disease. Ri
sk factors for CAD revolve around cigarette smoking, diet high in fat, and lack of exerc
ise.
6. A 77-year-
old man is a hospital inpatient admitted for exacerbation of his chronic obstructive pul
monary disease (COPD), and a respiratory therapist (RT) is assessing the client for the f
irst time. WhichNU ofRthSeIfN
olG
loTwBin.gCaO
spMects of the patient's current state of health would be
best characterized as a symptom rather than a sign?
A) The patient's oxygen saturation is 83% by pulse oxymetry.
B) The patient notes that he has increased work of breathing when lyingsupine.
C) The RT hears diminished breath sounds to the patient's lower lung fields
bilaterally.
D) The patient's respiratory rate is 31 breaths/minute.
Ans: B
Feedback:
Symptoms are subjective complaints by the person experiencing the health problem,
such as complaints of breathing difficulty. Oxygen levels, listening to breath sounds,
and respiratory rate are all objective, observable signs of disease.
1. At an international nursing conference, many discussions and breakout sessions focused
on the World Health Organization (WHO) views on health. Of the following comments
made by nurses during a discussion session, which statements would be considered a g
ood representation of the WHO definition? Select all that apply.
A) Interests in keeping the elderly population engaged in such activities as book
reviews and word games during social time
B) Increase in the number of chair aerobics classes provided in the skilled care
$i
facilities
C) Interventions geared toward keeping the elderly population diagnosed with diabe
tes mellitus under tight blood glucose control by providing in-
home cooking classes
D) Providing transportation for renal dialysis patients to and from their hemodialysis
$i
sessions
E) Providing handwashing teaching sessions to a group of youngchildren
$i
Ans: A, B, C, E
Feedback:
The WHO definition of health is defined as ―a state of complete physical, mental, and s
ocial well-
being and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity.‖ Engaging in book reviews f
$i
acilitates mental and social well-being; chair aerobics helps facilitate physical well-
being; and assisting with tight control of diabetes helps with facilitating physical well-
being even though the person has a chronic disease. Handwashing is vital in the preventi
on of disease and spread of germs.
2. A community health nurse is teaching a group of recent graduates about the large v
ariety of factors that influence an individual's health or lack thereof. The nurse is re
ferring to the Healthy People 2020 report from the U.S. Department of Health and H
uman Services as a teaching example. Of the following aspects discussed, which w
ould be considered a determinant of health that is outside the focus of this report?
A) The client has a diverse background by being of Asian and Native American d
escent and practices various alternative therapies to minimize effects ofstress.
B) The client has a family history of cardiovascular disease related to hyperch
olesterolemia and remains noncompliant with the treatment regime.
C) The client has a good career with exceptional preventative health care benefits.
D) The client lives in an affluent, clean, suburban community with access to many
health care facilities.
Ans: B
Feedback:
In Healthy People 2020, the focus is to promote good health to all (such as using altern
ative therapies to minimize effects of stress); achieving health equity and promoting he
alth for all (which includes having good health care benefits); and promoting good healt
h (which includes living in a clean community with good access to health care). A client
's noncompliance with treatments to control high cholesterol levels within the presence
of a family history of CV disease does not meet the ―attaining lives free of preventable
disease and premature death‖ determinant.
,3. A physician is providing care for a number of patients on a medical unit of a large, univ
ersity hospital. The physician is discussing with a colleague the differentiation between
diseases that are caused by abnormal molecules and diseases that causedisease. Which o
f the following patients most clearly demonstrates the consequences of molecules that c
ause disease?
A) A 31-year-
old woman with sickle cell anemia who is receiving a transfusion of packed red
blood cells
B) A 91-year-
old woman who has experienced an ischemic stroke resulting from familial hy
$i
percholesterolemia
C) A 19-year-
old man with exacerbation of his cystic fibrosis requiring oxygen therapy an
$i
d chest physiotherapy
D) A 30-year-
old homeless man who has Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) and is HIV pos
itive.
Ans: D
Feedback:
PCP is an example of the effect of a molecule that directly contributes to disease. Sickle
cell anemia, familial hypercholesterolemia, and cystic fibrosis are all examples of the ef
fects of abnormal molecules.
4. A member of the health care team is researching the etiology and pathogenesis of a n
$i
umber of clients who are under his care in a hospital context. Which of the following a
$i
spects of clients' situations bN
$i $i esUtR
i$ chSaI
raN
ctGerTizBe.
$i s pCaOt hMo gen es is rather than etiology?
$i
A) A client who has been exposed to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacterium
B) A client who has increasing serum ammonia levels due to liver cirrhosis
C) A client who was admitted with the effects of methyl alcohol poisoning
$i
D) A client with multiple skeletal injuries secondary to a motor vehicle accident
Ans: B
Feedback:
Pathogenesis refers to the progressive and evolutionary course of disease, such as the inc
reasing ammonia levels that accompany liver disease. Bacteria, poisons, and traumatic i
njuries are examples of etiologic factors.
, 5. A new myocardial infarction patient requiring angioplasty and stent placement has arriv
ed to his first cardiac rehabilitation appointment. In this first session, a review of the pat
hogenesis of coronary artery disease is addressed. Which statement by the patient verifie
s to the nurse that he has understood the nurse's teachings about coronary artery disease
?
A) ―All I have to do is stop smoking, and then I won't have any more heartattacks.‖
$i
B) ―My artery was clogged by fat, so I will need to stop eating fatty foodslike
$i
French fries every day.‖
C) ―Sounds like this began because of inflammation inside my artery that made it
easy to form fatty streaks, which lead to my clogged artery.‖
D) ―If I do not exercise regularly to get my heart rate up, blood pools in the veins c
ausing a clot that stops blood flow to the muscle, and I will have a heart attack.‖
$i
Ans: C
Feedback:
The true etiology/cause of coronary artery disease (CAD) is unknown; however, the pat
hogenesis of the disorder relates to the progression of the inflammatory process from a f
atty streak to the occlusive vessel lesion seen in people with coronary artery disease. Ri
sk factors for CAD revolve around cigarette smoking, diet high in fat, and lack of exerc
ise.
6. A 77-year-
old man is a hospital inpatient admitted for exacerbation of his chronic obstructive pul
monary disease (COPD), and a respiratory therapist (RT) is assessing the client for the f
irst time. WhichNU ofRthSeIfN
olG
loTwBin.gCaO
spMects of the patient's current state of health would be
best characterized as a symptom rather than a sign?
A) The patient's oxygen saturation is 83% by pulse oxymetry.
B) The patient notes that he has increased work of breathing when lyingsupine.
C) The RT hears diminished breath sounds to the patient's lower lung fields
bilaterally.
D) The patient's respiratory rate is 31 breaths/minute.
Ans: B
Feedback:
Symptoms are subjective complaints by the person experiencing the health problem,
such as complaints of breathing difficulty. Oxygen levels, listening to breath sounds,
and respiratory rate are all objective, observable signs of disease.
