BIOS 1700 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS GRADED A+ 2025/2026
Gibbs free energy (G) - ANS energy available to do work (usable energy)
Exergonic reaction - ANS Spontaneous
produces energy to use
Catabolism (breaks things up -delta G)
Reactants have higher energy than the products
Endergonic reaction - ANS Non-spontaneous
requires energy
Anabolism (builds things up +delta G)
Reactants have a lower energy than products
Enzyme - ANS Accelerates the reaction by reducing the activation energy (energy required to
form the transition state)
When does a chemical reaction have the highest free energy - ANS While the reaction is
taking place
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
,Do acids or bases have a greater amount of H+ ions - ANS Acids
Reaction is called? - ANS A substrate
The substrate binds to what in the enzyme? - ANS The active site
What is an irreversible inhibitor and what do they do? - ANS Form covalent bonds with the
enzymes and stay attached.
What are reversible inhibitors and what do they do? - ANS Form weak bonds with the
enzyme and can dissociate.
What are the two types of reversible inhibitors? - ANS Competitive and non-competitive
Competitive inhibitors - ANS bind to same site as substrate (active site), can be overcome
with large excess amount of substrate
Non-competitive inhibitors - ANS bind at different site than the substrate, change enzyme
shape and an enzyme must be an exact shape in order to work
Metabolic pathway - ANS series of chemical reactions that gradually modify a molecule, each
reaction requires different enzymes
Too much of this product will shut down the pathway - ANS Allosteric inhibitor
Allosteric site - ANS the site where a non-competitive inhibitor binds to
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, Allosteric enzyme - ANS the activity controlled by binding of non-competitive inhibitor at the
allosteric site, regulates and controls whether the pathway is on or off
Catabolic - ANS breakdown of fuel molecules
gradual process of many reactions
release energy a little at a time (used to make ATP)
Where does catabolic processes occur? - ANS mainly in the mitochondria
Substrate-level phosphorylation - ANS Phosphate transferred from phosphorylated molecule
directly to ADP
Oxidative phosphorylation - ANS Energry from electrons used to add phosphate to ADP
Which makes more ATP oxidative or subsrate-level phosphorylation - ANS Oxidative makes a
large amount of ATP, while substrate-level makes very little
What is phosphorylation? - ANS addition of phosphate ADP + phosphate = ATP
Where does oxidative phosphorylation get its electrons in cellular respiration? - ANS electron
transport chain
Where does substrate-level phosphorylation get its electrons in cellular respiration? -
ANS catabolism
Redox - ANS transfer of electrons
3 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
ANSWERS GRADED A+ 2025/2026
Gibbs free energy (G) - ANS energy available to do work (usable energy)
Exergonic reaction - ANS Spontaneous
produces energy to use
Catabolism (breaks things up -delta G)
Reactants have higher energy than the products
Endergonic reaction - ANS Non-spontaneous
requires energy
Anabolism (builds things up +delta G)
Reactants have a lower energy than products
Enzyme - ANS Accelerates the reaction by reducing the activation energy (energy required to
form the transition state)
When does a chemical reaction have the highest free energy - ANS While the reaction is
taking place
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
,Do acids or bases have a greater amount of H+ ions - ANS Acids
Reaction is called? - ANS A substrate
The substrate binds to what in the enzyme? - ANS The active site
What is an irreversible inhibitor and what do they do? - ANS Form covalent bonds with the
enzymes and stay attached.
What are reversible inhibitors and what do they do? - ANS Form weak bonds with the
enzyme and can dissociate.
What are the two types of reversible inhibitors? - ANS Competitive and non-competitive
Competitive inhibitors - ANS bind to same site as substrate (active site), can be overcome
with large excess amount of substrate
Non-competitive inhibitors - ANS bind at different site than the substrate, change enzyme
shape and an enzyme must be an exact shape in order to work
Metabolic pathway - ANS series of chemical reactions that gradually modify a molecule, each
reaction requires different enzymes
Too much of this product will shut down the pathway - ANS Allosteric inhibitor
Allosteric site - ANS the site where a non-competitive inhibitor binds to
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, Allosteric enzyme - ANS the activity controlled by binding of non-competitive inhibitor at the
allosteric site, regulates and controls whether the pathway is on or off
Catabolic - ANS breakdown of fuel molecules
gradual process of many reactions
release energy a little at a time (used to make ATP)
Where does catabolic processes occur? - ANS mainly in the mitochondria
Substrate-level phosphorylation - ANS Phosphate transferred from phosphorylated molecule
directly to ADP
Oxidative phosphorylation - ANS Energry from electrons used to add phosphate to ADP
Which makes more ATP oxidative or subsrate-level phosphorylation - ANS Oxidative makes a
large amount of ATP, while substrate-level makes very little
What is phosphorylation? - ANS addition of phosphate ADP + phosphate = ATP
Where does oxidative phosphorylation get its electrons in cellular respiration? - ANS electron
transport chain
Where does substrate-level phosphorylation get its electrons in cellular respiration? -
ANS catabolism
Redox - ANS transfer of electrons
3 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
