FTCE ESE K-12 EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS GRADED A+ 2025/2026
English -
IDEA - ANS Individuals with Disabilities Act. Requires states to provide free, appropriate
public education for all students with disabilities who participate in special education. The four
main challenge areas: learning, social/emotional, motor skills, and communication. The basic
source of law for special education. Represents the latest phase in the philosophy of educating
children with disabilities
*Brown v. Board of Education, 1954 - ANS Topeka, Kansas. Addressed the inequality of
"separate but equal" facilities on the basis of race. School segregation became illegal.
*Diana v. The State Board of Education, 1970 - ANS This case resulted in the decision that all
children must be tested in their native language
Wyatt v. Stickney, 1971 - ANS Established the right to adequate treatment (education) for
institutionalized persons with mental retardation
*Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Citizens (PARC) v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, 1972
- ANS The first right to education lawsuit. Laid the foundation for the right to education for all
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, children with disabilities previously denied if they had not attained a mental age of 5 by the
start of first grade. Special Education was guaranteed to children with mental retardation. The
victory in this case sparked other court cases for children with other disabilities.
*Mills v. Board of Education of the District of Columbia, 1972 - ANS The right to special
education was extended to all children with disabilities, not just mentally retarded children.
Judgements in PARC and Mills paved the way for P.L. 94-142. Students with disabilities must be
given education regardless of the schools' financial limitations.
Public Law 93-112 (Rehabilitation Amendments of 1973) - ANS The first comprehensive
federal statute to address specifically the rights of disabled youth. It prohibited illegal
discrimination in education, employment, or housing on the basis of a disability.
Section 504, Rehabilitation Act of 1973 - ANS Section 504 expands on older law by extending
its protection to other areas that receive federal assistance, such as education. Protected
individuals must (a) have a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more
major life activities, such as self-care, walking, seeing, breathing, working, or learning; (b) have a
record of such an impairment; or (c) be regarded as having such an impairment. A disability in
itself is not sufficient grounds for a complaint of discrimination. The person must be otherwise
qualified, or able to meet, the requirements of the program in question.
Public Law 93-380 (Education Amendments of 1974) - ANS P.L.94-142 is the funding portion
of this act. It required states to provide full educational opportunities for children with
disabilities. It addressed identification, fair evaluation, alternative placements, due process
procedures, and free, appropriate public education.
Public Law 94-142 Education for all Handicapped Children Act), 1975 - ANS Provided for a
free, appropriate public education for all children with disabilities, defined special education
and related services, and imposed rigid guidelines on the provisions of those services. It
paralleled the provision for a free and appropriate public education in section 504 of Public Law
94-142 and extended these services to preschool children with disabilities (ages 3-5) through
provisions to preschool incentive grants.
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
ANSWERS GRADED A+ 2025/2026
English -
IDEA - ANS Individuals with Disabilities Act. Requires states to provide free, appropriate
public education for all students with disabilities who participate in special education. The four
main challenge areas: learning, social/emotional, motor skills, and communication. The basic
source of law for special education. Represents the latest phase in the philosophy of educating
children with disabilities
*Brown v. Board of Education, 1954 - ANS Topeka, Kansas. Addressed the inequality of
"separate but equal" facilities on the basis of race. School segregation became illegal.
*Diana v. The State Board of Education, 1970 - ANS This case resulted in the decision that all
children must be tested in their native language
Wyatt v. Stickney, 1971 - ANS Established the right to adequate treatment (education) for
institutionalized persons with mental retardation
*Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Citizens (PARC) v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, 1972
- ANS The first right to education lawsuit. Laid the foundation for the right to education for all
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, children with disabilities previously denied if they had not attained a mental age of 5 by the
start of first grade. Special Education was guaranteed to children with mental retardation. The
victory in this case sparked other court cases for children with other disabilities.
*Mills v. Board of Education of the District of Columbia, 1972 - ANS The right to special
education was extended to all children with disabilities, not just mentally retarded children.
Judgements in PARC and Mills paved the way for P.L. 94-142. Students with disabilities must be
given education regardless of the schools' financial limitations.
Public Law 93-112 (Rehabilitation Amendments of 1973) - ANS The first comprehensive
federal statute to address specifically the rights of disabled youth. It prohibited illegal
discrimination in education, employment, or housing on the basis of a disability.
Section 504, Rehabilitation Act of 1973 - ANS Section 504 expands on older law by extending
its protection to other areas that receive federal assistance, such as education. Protected
individuals must (a) have a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more
major life activities, such as self-care, walking, seeing, breathing, working, or learning; (b) have a
record of such an impairment; or (c) be regarded as having such an impairment. A disability in
itself is not sufficient grounds for a complaint of discrimination. The person must be otherwise
qualified, or able to meet, the requirements of the program in question.
Public Law 93-380 (Education Amendments of 1974) - ANS P.L.94-142 is the funding portion
of this act. It required states to provide full educational opportunities for children with
disabilities. It addressed identification, fair evaluation, alternative placements, due process
procedures, and free, appropriate public education.
Public Law 94-142 Education for all Handicapped Children Act), 1975 - ANS Provided for a
free, appropriate public education for all children with disabilities, defined special education
and related services, and imposed rigid guidelines on the provisions of those services. It
paralleled the provision for a free and appropriate public education in section 504 of Public Law
94-142 and extended these services to preschool children with disabilities (ages 3-5) through
provisions to preschool incentive grants.
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
