KIN 255 GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
MIDTERM 2 EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS GRADED A+ 2025/2026
What are fetal movements in the last three months related to? - ANS Motor development
during the first year.
What is the purpose of Apgar ratings? - ANS To assess the viability of a newborn at birth.
What five criteria are rated in the Apgar test? - ANS Heart rate, breathing, muscle tone, reflex
responsiveness, and color.
What is the maximum score for Apgar ratings? - ANS 10.
How are Apgar ratings related to motor development? - ANS Apgar ratings at 1 and 5 minutes
after birth have been linked to later motor development.
What is the relationship between birth weight and motor development? - ANS There is no
consistent data; however, extremely low birth weight (<1000g) is related to depressed motor
development.
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
,What factors influence motor development in infants? - ANS Morphological characteristics,
physiology, neuro-muscular characteristics, growth, and maturity.
What is the definition of motor development? - ANS The process of acquiring movement
patterns and skills.
What are the two types of motor activities? - ANS Fine motor activities and gross motor
activities.
What are fine motor activities characterized by? - ANS Precision and dexterity.
What are gross motor activities characterized by? - ANS Movements of the entire body or
major segments of the body.
What are the three kinds of fundamental motor patterns? - ANS Locomotor, nonlocomotor,
and manipulative.
What influences the tempo of growth and maturation? - ANS Residual effects of prior motor
experiences and new motor experiences.
What is the difference between a motor pattern and a motor skill? - ANS A motor pattern is a
basic movement involved in a task, while a motor skill emphasizes accuracy, precision, and
economy of performance.
What is a significant predictor of walking at one year? - ANS Higher estimated fat-free mass
(FFM) in infants.
What is associated with late walking in boys? - ANS Reduced fat-free mass (FFM).
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
,What is associated with late walking in girls? - ANS Higher estimated relative fatness
(increased % body fat).
What role does the environment play in motor development? - ANS The environment has a
strong impact on motor development.
What are manipulative tasks in fine motor activities? - ANS Tasks that require precision and
dexterity.
What is an example of a task that requires both fine and gross motor skills? - ANS Throwing a
ball accurately or passing a soccer ball.
What are locomotor skills? - ANS Skills that involve moving the body through space, such as
walking, running, jumping, galloping, hopping, and skipping.
What are nonlocomotor skills? - ANS Skills involving movement of specific parts of the body,
including pushing, pulling, bending, curling, and twisting.
What are manipulative skills? - ANS Skills that involve movement of objects, such as
throwing, catching, striking, kicking, and dribbling.
How can basic motor skills be combined? - ANS Basic motor skills can be combined to create
specialized or complex skills, such as skipping, which combines hopping and walking.
What is the process of movement? - ANS The technique of performing a specific movement,
including components like hip rotation, arm action, and leg action.
3 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, What is the product of movement? - ANS The result or outcome of a movement, such as
distance jumped or time taken to finish a task.
What are newborn reflexes? - ANS Stereotypic obligatory responses to stimuli, regulated by
the spinal cord, brain stem, and other developing nervous centers.
What are feeding reflexes in newborns? - ANS Reflexes such as suck-swallow and rooting that
are well developed in newborns.
What is the Moro reflex? - ANS A reflex in infants from birth to 3 months characterized by an
extensor response to sudden neck movement.
What is the startle reflex? - ANS A reflex elicited by a loud noise, causing flexion of the
extremities.
What is the palmar grasp reflex? - ANS A flexor response where placing an object in an
infant's palm causes strong flexion of the palm and fingers.
What is the tonic neck reflex? - ANS A reflex that emerges in the first few months of life,
causing increased muscle tone and extension of the arm and leg on the side to which the head
is turned.
What are primitive reflexes? - ANS Reflexes such as feeding and grasp that are well developed
between birth and 3 months but decline in intensity.
What are postural reflexes? - ANS Reflexes that begin to emerge around 3 months, including
tonic neck, righting, and labyrinthine reflexes.
4 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
MIDTERM 2 EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS GRADED A+ 2025/2026
What are fetal movements in the last three months related to? - ANS Motor development
during the first year.
What is the purpose of Apgar ratings? - ANS To assess the viability of a newborn at birth.
What five criteria are rated in the Apgar test? - ANS Heart rate, breathing, muscle tone, reflex
responsiveness, and color.
What is the maximum score for Apgar ratings? - ANS 10.
How are Apgar ratings related to motor development? - ANS Apgar ratings at 1 and 5 minutes
after birth have been linked to later motor development.
What is the relationship between birth weight and motor development? - ANS There is no
consistent data; however, extremely low birth weight (<1000g) is related to depressed motor
development.
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
,What factors influence motor development in infants? - ANS Morphological characteristics,
physiology, neuro-muscular characteristics, growth, and maturity.
What is the definition of motor development? - ANS The process of acquiring movement
patterns and skills.
What are the two types of motor activities? - ANS Fine motor activities and gross motor
activities.
What are fine motor activities characterized by? - ANS Precision and dexterity.
What are gross motor activities characterized by? - ANS Movements of the entire body or
major segments of the body.
What are the three kinds of fundamental motor patterns? - ANS Locomotor, nonlocomotor,
and manipulative.
What influences the tempo of growth and maturation? - ANS Residual effects of prior motor
experiences and new motor experiences.
What is the difference between a motor pattern and a motor skill? - ANS A motor pattern is a
basic movement involved in a task, while a motor skill emphasizes accuracy, precision, and
economy of performance.
What is a significant predictor of walking at one year? - ANS Higher estimated fat-free mass
(FFM) in infants.
What is associated with late walking in boys? - ANS Reduced fat-free mass (FFM).
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
,What is associated with late walking in girls? - ANS Higher estimated relative fatness
(increased % body fat).
What role does the environment play in motor development? - ANS The environment has a
strong impact on motor development.
What are manipulative tasks in fine motor activities? - ANS Tasks that require precision and
dexterity.
What is an example of a task that requires both fine and gross motor skills? - ANS Throwing a
ball accurately or passing a soccer ball.
What are locomotor skills? - ANS Skills that involve moving the body through space, such as
walking, running, jumping, galloping, hopping, and skipping.
What are nonlocomotor skills? - ANS Skills involving movement of specific parts of the body,
including pushing, pulling, bending, curling, and twisting.
What are manipulative skills? - ANS Skills that involve movement of objects, such as
throwing, catching, striking, kicking, and dribbling.
How can basic motor skills be combined? - ANS Basic motor skills can be combined to create
specialized or complex skills, such as skipping, which combines hopping and walking.
What is the process of movement? - ANS The technique of performing a specific movement,
including components like hip rotation, arm action, and leg action.
3 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, What is the product of movement? - ANS The result or outcome of a movement, such as
distance jumped or time taken to finish a task.
What are newborn reflexes? - ANS Stereotypic obligatory responses to stimuli, regulated by
the spinal cord, brain stem, and other developing nervous centers.
What are feeding reflexes in newborns? - ANS Reflexes such as suck-swallow and rooting that
are well developed in newborns.
What is the Moro reflex? - ANS A reflex in infants from birth to 3 months characterized by an
extensor response to sudden neck movement.
What is the startle reflex? - ANS A reflex elicited by a loud noise, causing flexion of the
extremities.
What is the palmar grasp reflex? - ANS A flexor response where placing an object in an
infant's palm causes strong flexion of the palm and fingers.
What is the tonic neck reflex? - ANS A reflex that emerges in the first few months of life,
causing increased muscle tone and extension of the arm and leg on the side to which the head
is turned.
What are primitive reflexes? - ANS Reflexes such as feeding and grasp that are well developed
between birth and 3 months but decline in intensity.
What are postural reflexes? - ANS Reflexes that begin to emerge around 3 months, including
tonic neck, righting, and labyrinthine reflexes.
4 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
