Test Bank For Dental Management of the
Medically Compromised Patient 9th Edition
List the flow of the cardiac circulation starting at the superior vena cava: - answers
Superior vena cava, right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, pulmonary valve,
pulmonary artery, lungs, pulmonary vein, left atrium, mitral valve, left ventricle, aortic
valve, aorta, systemic circulation, superior vena cava
Microbial infection of the endothelial surface of the heart or heart valves that most often
occurs in proximity to congenital or acquired cardiac defects - answers Infective
endocarditis
Old classifications of IE - answers Acute and subacute
(3) new classification categories of IE - answers Causative microorganism, type of
valve, source of infection
Two potential causative organisms of IE - answers Streptococcal, candidal
Two potential valves impacted by IE - answers Native valve, prosthetic valuve
Two potential sources of IE infection - answers Community/hospital, IV drug use
Most common cause of community-acquired NVE (and 30-65% of IE cases) - answers
Viridans Streptococci (alpha-hemolytic streptococci)
(4) Strep strains found in IE - answers Sanguis, oralis, salivarius, mutans
(3) Classic findings in IE - answers Fever, heart murmur, positive blood culture
Small red or purple spots on the skin (symptom of IE) - answers Petechiae
Painful, larger red lesion on the skin (symptom of IE) - answers Osler's Node
Tiny red lines found underneath the nails (symptom of IE) - answers Splinter
hemorrhages
Red spot with a lighter center found in the retina (symptom of IE) - answers Roth spot
Enlargement of the fingernails (symtom of IE) - answers Nail clubbing
ADA guidelines state that use of preventative antibiotics before certain dental
procedures is reasonable in these (5) categories of patients - answers Prosthetic
cardiac valves, prosthetic material used for cardiac valve repair, history of IE, cardiac
,transplant with valve regurgitation due to structurally abnormal valve, congenital heart
disease
Antibiotic prophylaxis is recommended for the (5) categories of patients for all dental
procedures that involve manipulation of the _______________ (2 words) or the
______________ region of the teeth, or perforation of the ______ mucosa - answers
gingival tissue, periapical, oral
It is important for a patient to pre-medicate before their appointment because it allows
the antibiotic time to reach adequate blood levels (True/False) - answers True
If the patient does not pre-medicate before the procedure, the dosage may be
administered up to __ hours after the procedure - answers 2
If a patient is currently taking antibiotics for another reason, it is suggested that dentist
select an antibiotic from the/a (same/different) class - answers Different
A single dose should be administered _____ minutes before procedure - answers 30-60
Oral prophylactic antibiotic name/dose for adults - answers Amoxicillin, 2g
Oral prophylactic antibiotic name/dose for children - answers Amoxicillin, 50mg/kg
Oral prophylactic antibiotic name/dose for an adult who is unable to take oral
medications - answers Ampicillin, 2g IM or IV /
Cefazolin or Ceftriaxone, 1g IM or IV
Oral prophylactic antibiotic name/dose for a child who is unable to take oral medications
- answers Ampicillin, 50mg/kg IM or IV /
Cefazolin or Ceftriaxone, 50mg/kg IM or IV
Oral prophylactic antibiotic name/dose for an adult who is allergic to penicillins or
ampicillin - answers Cephalexin, 2g /
Clindamycin, 600mg /
Azithromycin or Clarithromycin, 500mg
Oral prophylactic antibiotic name/dose for a child who is allergic to penicillins or
ampicillin - answers Cephalexin, 50mg/kg /
Clindamycin, 20mg/kg /
Azithromycin or Clarithromycin, 15mg/kg
Oral prophylactic antibiotic name/dose for an adult who is allergic to penicillins or
ampicillin AND unable to take oral medication - answers Cefazolin or Ceftriaxone, 1g IM
or IV /
Clindamycin phosphate, 600mg IM or IV
, Oral prophylactic antibiotic name/dose for a child who is allergic to penicillins or
ampicillin AND unable to take oral medication - answers Cefazolin or Ceftriaxone,
50mg/kg IM or IV /
Clindamycin phosphate, 20mg/kg IM or IV
Is it recommended that patients with prosthetic joint implants take prophylactic
antibiotics prior to dental procedures? (Yes/No) - answers No
Abnormal elevation in arterial pressure that can be fatal if sustained and untreated -
answers Hypertension
People with hypertension always display clinical symptoms (True/False) - answers
False (People with hypertension may not display clinical signs or symptoms for many
years but eventually can experience symptomatic damage to several target organs,
including kidneys, heart, brain and eyes)
Sustained systolic and diastolic blood pressure that defines hypertension - answers
140/90 mmHg
Normal blood pressure - answers <120/<80 mmHg (follow up in 2 years)
Prehypertension - answers 120-139/80-89 mmHg (follow up in 1 year)
Stage 1 hypertension - answers 140-159/90-99 mmHg (follow up in 2 months)
Stage 2 hypertension - answers > or equal to 160/ > or equal to 100 mmHg (evaluate or
refer to source of care within 1 month)
90% of hypertension cases, cause unknown - answers Primary (essential) hypertension
(4) lifestyle factors that contribute to hypertension - answers Obesity, excessive alcohol
intake, excessive dietary sodium, physical inactivity
10% of hypertension cases, etiology known - answers Secondary hypertension
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - answers Sleep apnea, drug-induced or drug-
related, chronic kidney disease, primary aldosteronism, Renovascular disease, chronic
steroid therapy and Cusing syndrome, Phechromocytoma, Coarctation of the aorta,
Thryoid or parathyroid disease
Persistently elevated blood pressure only in the presence of a health care worker but
not elsewhere (15-20% of patients with untreated stage 1 hypertension) - answers
White coat hypertension
Early clinical features of hypertension - answers Elevated blood pressure readings,
narrowing and sclerosis of retinal arterioles, headache, dizziness, tinnitus
Medically Compromised Patient 9th Edition
List the flow of the cardiac circulation starting at the superior vena cava: - answers
Superior vena cava, right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, pulmonary valve,
pulmonary artery, lungs, pulmonary vein, left atrium, mitral valve, left ventricle, aortic
valve, aorta, systemic circulation, superior vena cava
Microbial infection of the endothelial surface of the heart or heart valves that most often
occurs in proximity to congenital or acquired cardiac defects - answers Infective
endocarditis
Old classifications of IE - answers Acute and subacute
(3) new classification categories of IE - answers Causative microorganism, type of
valve, source of infection
Two potential causative organisms of IE - answers Streptococcal, candidal
Two potential valves impacted by IE - answers Native valve, prosthetic valuve
Two potential sources of IE infection - answers Community/hospital, IV drug use
Most common cause of community-acquired NVE (and 30-65% of IE cases) - answers
Viridans Streptococci (alpha-hemolytic streptococci)
(4) Strep strains found in IE - answers Sanguis, oralis, salivarius, mutans
(3) Classic findings in IE - answers Fever, heart murmur, positive blood culture
Small red or purple spots on the skin (symptom of IE) - answers Petechiae
Painful, larger red lesion on the skin (symptom of IE) - answers Osler's Node
Tiny red lines found underneath the nails (symptom of IE) - answers Splinter
hemorrhages
Red spot with a lighter center found in the retina (symptom of IE) - answers Roth spot
Enlargement of the fingernails (symtom of IE) - answers Nail clubbing
ADA guidelines state that use of preventative antibiotics before certain dental
procedures is reasonable in these (5) categories of patients - answers Prosthetic
cardiac valves, prosthetic material used for cardiac valve repair, history of IE, cardiac
,transplant with valve regurgitation due to structurally abnormal valve, congenital heart
disease
Antibiotic prophylaxis is recommended for the (5) categories of patients for all dental
procedures that involve manipulation of the _______________ (2 words) or the
______________ region of the teeth, or perforation of the ______ mucosa - answers
gingival tissue, periapical, oral
It is important for a patient to pre-medicate before their appointment because it allows
the antibiotic time to reach adequate blood levels (True/False) - answers True
If the patient does not pre-medicate before the procedure, the dosage may be
administered up to __ hours after the procedure - answers 2
If a patient is currently taking antibiotics for another reason, it is suggested that dentist
select an antibiotic from the/a (same/different) class - answers Different
A single dose should be administered _____ minutes before procedure - answers 30-60
Oral prophylactic antibiotic name/dose for adults - answers Amoxicillin, 2g
Oral prophylactic antibiotic name/dose for children - answers Amoxicillin, 50mg/kg
Oral prophylactic antibiotic name/dose for an adult who is unable to take oral
medications - answers Ampicillin, 2g IM or IV /
Cefazolin or Ceftriaxone, 1g IM or IV
Oral prophylactic antibiotic name/dose for a child who is unable to take oral medications
- answers Ampicillin, 50mg/kg IM or IV /
Cefazolin or Ceftriaxone, 50mg/kg IM or IV
Oral prophylactic antibiotic name/dose for an adult who is allergic to penicillins or
ampicillin - answers Cephalexin, 2g /
Clindamycin, 600mg /
Azithromycin or Clarithromycin, 500mg
Oral prophylactic antibiotic name/dose for a child who is allergic to penicillins or
ampicillin - answers Cephalexin, 50mg/kg /
Clindamycin, 20mg/kg /
Azithromycin or Clarithromycin, 15mg/kg
Oral prophylactic antibiotic name/dose for an adult who is allergic to penicillins or
ampicillin AND unable to take oral medication - answers Cefazolin or Ceftriaxone, 1g IM
or IV /
Clindamycin phosphate, 600mg IM or IV
, Oral prophylactic antibiotic name/dose for a child who is allergic to penicillins or
ampicillin AND unable to take oral medication - answers Cefazolin or Ceftriaxone,
50mg/kg IM or IV /
Clindamycin phosphate, 20mg/kg IM or IV
Is it recommended that patients with prosthetic joint implants take prophylactic
antibiotics prior to dental procedures? (Yes/No) - answers No
Abnormal elevation in arterial pressure that can be fatal if sustained and untreated -
answers Hypertension
People with hypertension always display clinical symptoms (True/False) - answers
False (People with hypertension may not display clinical signs or symptoms for many
years but eventually can experience symptomatic damage to several target organs,
including kidneys, heart, brain and eyes)
Sustained systolic and diastolic blood pressure that defines hypertension - answers
140/90 mmHg
Normal blood pressure - answers <120/<80 mmHg (follow up in 2 years)
Prehypertension - answers 120-139/80-89 mmHg (follow up in 1 year)
Stage 1 hypertension - answers 140-159/90-99 mmHg (follow up in 2 months)
Stage 2 hypertension - answers > or equal to 160/ > or equal to 100 mmHg (evaluate or
refer to source of care within 1 month)
90% of hypertension cases, cause unknown - answers Primary (essential) hypertension
(4) lifestyle factors that contribute to hypertension - answers Obesity, excessive alcohol
intake, excessive dietary sodium, physical inactivity
10% of hypertension cases, etiology known - answers Secondary hypertension
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - answers Sleep apnea, drug-induced or drug-
related, chronic kidney disease, primary aldosteronism, Renovascular disease, chronic
steroid therapy and Cusing syndrome, Phechromocytoma, Coarctation of the aorta,
Thryoid or parathyroid disease
Persistently elevated blood pressure only in the presence of a health care worker but
not elsewhere (15-20% of patients with untreated stage 1 hypertension) - answers
White coat hypertension
Early clinical features of hypertension - answers Elevated blood pressure readings,
narrowing and sclerosis of retinal arterioles, headache, dizziness, tinnitus
