Comprehensive Cardiology: Angina,
Myocardial Infarction, and Risk
Factors Exam With Terminologies And
Correct Answers||Latest Exam 2026-
2027||Already Graded A+
Chronic Stable Angina -CORRECT ANSWER Reversible chest pain that is a clinical
manifestation of myocardial ischemia due to lack of oxygenated blood to the heart.
Unstable Angina -CORRECT ANSWER A type of angina that is unpredictable and occurs
at rest or with minimal exertion, indicating a higher risk of myocardial infarction.
Myocardial Infarction -CORRECT ANSWER A medical condition resulting from the
blockage of blood flow to the heart, leading to damage or death of heart muscle.
Coronary Artery Disease -CORRECT ANSWER A progressive disease that develops in
stages and is characterized by the narrowing or blockage of coronary arteries.
Non-Modifiable Risk Factors -CORRECT ANSWER Factors for coronary artery disease
that cannot be changed, including age, sex, ethnicity, family history, and genetics.
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) -CORRECT ANSWER A contributing factor to coronary artery
disease characterized by high blood sugar levels.
Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS) -CORRECT ANSWER A measure of blood sugar levels after
fasting, elevated levels are a risk factor for coronary artery disease.
Psychosocial Risk Factors -CORRECT ANSWER Factors such as depression, hostility,
anger, and stress that contribute to the risk of coronary artery disease.
Elevated Homocysteine Levels -CORRECT ANSWER High levels of homocysteine in the
blood, which is a risk factor for coronary artery disease.
Substance Abuse -CORRECT ANSWER The harmful use of substances, which is a
contributing factor to coronary artery disease.
Modifiable Major Risk Factors -CORRECT ANSWER Risk factors for coronary artery
disease that can be changed, including elevated lipid levels, elevated blood pressure,
tobacco use, physical inactivity, and obesity.
,Cholesterol-Lowering Medication Therapy -CORRECT ANSWER Medications, such as
statins, that restrict lipoprotein production, increase lipoprotein removal, or decrease
cholesterol absorption in the body.
Antiplatelet Therapy -CORRECT ANSWER Low dose aspirin therapy for individuals at
risk for coronary artery disease to reduce thrombus formation and lower the risk of
myocardial infarction.
Antihypertensives -CORRECT ANSWER Medications used to lower blood pressure in
patients with coronary artery disease.
Angina -CORRECT ANSWER Chest pain that is often described as a constrictive,
squeezing, heavy, choking, or suffocating sensation, indicating myocardial ischemia.
Myocardial Ischemia -CORRECT ANSWER A condition where the heart muscle does not
receive enough oxygen-rich blood to meet its demands.
Hypoxic Myocardium -CORRECT ANSWER A state where the heart muscle is deprived
of oxygen, typically occurring within 10 minutes of an occlusion.
Lactic Acid Buildup -CORRECT ANSWER A condition that occurs when metabolism shifts
to anaerobic due to lack of oxygen, resulting in lactic acid accumulation.
Cardiac Cell Viability -CORRECT ANSWER Cardiac cells can survive for 20 minutes
without oxygen before irreversible damage occurs.
Exertional Angina -CORRECT ANSWER A type of angina that occurs with activities that
induce exertion and is relieved with rest or nitroglycerin.
ST Segment Depression -CORRECT ANSWER An indication of ischemia on an ECG
tracing, often associated with angina.
ECG Tracing -CORRECT ANSWER A graphical representation of the electrical activity of
the heart, which can indicate myocardial ischemia.
ST Segment -CORRECT ANSWER End of QRS complex and end of T wave depression.
Myocardium Ischemia -CORRECT ANSWER Condition where the heart muscle does not
receive enough blood, often due to narrowed arteries.
Chest Pain -CORRECT ANSWER Predictable pattern of pain with specific onset,
duration, and intensity, often associated with ischemia.
Reversible Ischemia -CORRECT ANSWER Condition where cardiac cells are viable for
20 minutes if blood supply is restored, either through rest or nitroglycerin.
, Clinical Manifestations of Angina -CORRECT ANSWER Pain usually lasts 3 to 5 minutes
and subsides when the precipitating factor is relieved.
ECG in Angina -CORRECT ANSWER Reveals ST segment depression indicating
myocardial ischemia.
Precipitating Factors of Angina -CORRECT ANSWER Include physical exertion,
temperature extremes, strong emotion and stress, heavy meal, tobacco use, sexual
activity, stimulants, and circadian rhythm.
Location of Angina Pain -CORRECT ANSWER Can occur in the midsternal area, left
shoulder and down both arms, neck and arms, substernal radiating to neck and jaw,
substernal radiating down left arm, epigastric, and intrascapular.
Questions to Ask the Patient -CORRECT ANSWER Include what events precipitated the
pain, the nature of the pain, its location, and pain severity on a scale from 0 to 10.
OPQRST -CORRECT ANSWER A method for pain assessment: Onset, Precipitating
event, Quality of pain, Radiation of pain, Severity of pain, Timing.
Silent Ischemia -CORRECT ANSWER Asymptomatic ischemia often associated with
diabetes mellitus.
Nocturnal Angina -CORRECT ANSWER Angina that occurs only at night but not
necessarily during sleep.
Angina Decubitus -CORRECT ANSWER Chest pain that occurs only while lying down
and is relieved by standing or sitting.
Prinzmetal's Angina -CORRECT ANSWER Variant angina that occurs at rest, usually in
response to spasm of a major coronary artery.
Microvascular Angina -CORRECT ANSWER Condition affecting small distal branches of
coronary arteries, often triggered by activities of daily living.
Atypical Signs in Women -CORRECT ANSWER Women may present atypical signs and
symptoms during a heart attack, often measured by troponin levels.
Angina Medication Therapy -CORRECT ANSWER Goal is to identify and fix issues to
decrease the workload of the heart; chronic stable angina can be controlled with
outpatient medications.
Lisinopril -CORRECT ANSWER An angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor used to
manage chronic angina.
Myocardial Infarction, and Risk
Factors Exam With Terminologies And
Correct Answers||Latest Exam 2026-
2027||Already Graded A+
Chronic Stable Angina -CORRECT ANSWER Reversible chest pain that is a clinical
manifestation of myocardial ischemia due to lack of oxygenated blood to the heart.
Unstable Angina -CORRECT ANSWER A type of angina that is unpredictable and occurs
at rest or with minimal exertion, indicating a higher risk of myocardial infarction.
Myocardial Infarction -CORRECT ANSWER A medical condition resulting from the
blockage of blood flow to the heart, leading to damage or death of heart muscle.
Coronary Artery Disease -CORRECT ANSWER A progressive disease that develops in
stages and is characterized by the narrowing or blockage of coronary arteries.
Non-Modifiable Risk Factors -CORRECT ANSWER Factors for coronary artery disease
that cannot be changed, including age, sex, ethnicity, family history, and genetics.
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) -CORRECT ANSWER A contributing factor to coronary artery
disease characterized by high blood sugar levels.
Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS) -CORRECT ANSWER A measure of blood sugar levels after
fasting, elevated levels are a risk factor for coronary artery disease.
Psychosocial Risk Factors -CORRECT ANSWER Factors such as depression, hostility,
anger, and stress that contribute to the risk of coronary artery disease.
Elevated Homocysteine Levels -CORRECT ANSWER High levels of homocysteine in the
blood, which is a risk factor for coronary artery disease.
Substance Abuse -CORRECT ANSWER The harmful use of substances, which is a
contributing factor to coronary artery disease.
Modifiable Major Risk Factors -CORRECT ANSWER Risk factors for coronary artery
disease that can be changed, including elevated lipid levels, elevated blood pressure,
tobacco use, physical inactivity, and obesity.
,Cholesterol-Lowering Medication Therapy -CORRECT ANSWER Medications, such as
statins, that restrict lipoprotein production, increase lipoprotein removal, or decrease
cholesterol absorption in the body.
Antiplatelet Therapy -CORRECT ANSWER Low dose aspirin therapy for individuals at
risk for coronary artery disease to reduce thrombus formation and lower the risk of
myocardial infarction.
Antihypertensives -CORRECT ANSWER Medications used to lower blood pressure in
patients with coronary artery disease.
Angina -CORRECT ANSWER Chest pain that is often described as a constrictive,
squeezing, heavy, choking, or suffocating sensation, indicating myocardial ischemia.
Myocardial Ischemia -CORRECT ANSWER A condition where the heart muscle does not
receive enough oxygen-rich blood to meet its demands.
Hypoxic Myocardium -CORRECT ANSWER A state where the heart muscle is deprived
of oxygen, typically occurring within 10 minutes of an occlusion.
Lactic Acid Buildup -CORRECT ANSWER A condition that occurs when metabolism shifts
to anaerobic due to lack of oxygen, resulting in lactic acid accumulation.
Cardiac Cell Viability -CORRECT ANSWER Cardiac cells can survive for 20 minutes
without oxygen before irreversible damage occurs.
Exertional Angina -CORRECT ANSWER A type of angina that occurs with activities that
induce exertion and is relieved with rest or nitroglycerin.
ST Segment Depression -CORRECT ANSWER An indication of ischemia on an ECG
tracing, often associated with angina.
ECG Tracing -CORRECT ANSWER A graphical representation of the electrical activity of
the heart, which can indicate myocardial ischemia.
ST Segment -CORRECT ANSWER End of QRS complex and end of T wave depression.
Myocardium Ischemia -CORRECT ANSWER Condition where the heart muscle does not
receive enough blood, often due to narrowed arteries.
Chest Pain -CORRECT ANSWER Predictable pattern of pain with specific onset,
duration, and intensity, often associated with ischemia.
Reversible Ischemia -CORRECT ANSWER Condition where cardiac cells are viable for
20 minutes if blood supply is restored, either through rest or nitroglycerin.
, Clinical Manifestations of Angina -CORRECT ANSWER Pain usually lasts 3 to 5 minutes
and subsides when the precipitating factor is relieved.
ECG in Angina -CORRECT ANSWER Reveals ST segment depression indicating
myocardial ischemia.
Precipitating Factors of Angina -CORRECT ANSWER Include physical exertion,
temperature extremes, strong emotion and stress, heavy meal, tobacco use, sexual
activity, stimulants, and circadian rhythm.
Location of Angina Pain -CORRECT ANSWER Can occur in the midsternal area, left
shoulder and down both arms, neck and arms, substernal radiating to neck and jaw,
substernal radiating down left arm, epigastric, and intrascapular.
Questions to Ask the Patient -CORRECT ANSWER Include what events precipitated the
pain, the nature of the pain, its location, and pain severity on a scale from 0 to 10.
OPQRST -CORRECT ANSWER A method for pain assessment: Onset, Precipitating
event, Quality of pain, Radiation of pain, Severity of pain, Timing.
Silent Ischemia -CORRECT ANSWER Asymptomatic ischemia often associated with
diabetes mellitus.
Nocturnal Angina -CORRECT ANSWER Angina that occurs only at night but not
necessarily during sleep.
Angina Decubitus -CORRECT ANSWER Chest pain that occurs only while lying down
and is relieved by standing or sitting.
Prinzmetal's Angina -CORRECT ANSWER Variant angina that occurs at rest, usually in
response to spasm of a major coronary artery.
Microvascular Angina -CORRECT ANSWER Condition affecting small distal branches of
coronary arteries, often triggered by activities of daily living.
Atypical Signs in Women -CORRECT ANSWER Women may present atypical signs and
symptoms during a heart attack, often measured by troponin levels.
Angina Medication Therapy -CORRECT ANSWER Goal is to identify and fix issues to
decrease the workload of the heart; chronic stable angina can be controlled with
outpatient medications.
Lisinopril -CORRECT ANSWER An angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor used to
manage chronic angina.
