Test Bank for Medical-Surgical Nursing:
Concepts for Interprofessional Collaborative
Care |All Chapters Verified| Guide A+
Comfort - answers A state of physical well-being, pleasure, and absence of pain or
stress
Interventions for patients with decreased comfort - answers Anticipate pain and
emotional stress, collaborate with members of the inter professional team as needed,
and implement pain management measures
Elimation - answers The excretion of waste from the body by the gastrointestinal (GI)
tract (as feces) and by the urinary system (as urine)
Bowel elimination - answers Occurs as a result of food and fluid intake and ends with
passage of feces (stool) or solid waste products from food into the rectum of the colon
Urinary Elimination - answers Occurs as a result of multiple kidney processes and ends
with the passage of urine through the urinary tract
Continence - answers Voluntary control of both bowel and urinary elimination
Incontinence - answers Lack of bowel or bladder control
Retention - answers inability to expel stool or excrete urine
Obstipation - answers Inability to pass stool
Oliguria - answers Scant urine
Anuria - answers absence of urine
Aging (when pelvic muscles weaken), neurologic disorders, excessive laxative use,
other medication use, GI infections, and lack of exercise - answers Risk factors for
incontinence include:
Adequate nutrition and hydration, diet high in fiber, stay well hydrated, health teaching,
and collaboration with inter professional team - answers Interventions to prevent
changes in elimination include:
,Foods high in potassium - answers Oranges and potatoes
Fluid and electrolyte balance - answers The regulation of body fluid, fluid osmolality,
and electrolytes by processes such as filtration, diffusion, and osmosis.
Where is extracellular fluid found? - answers The vascular space (plasma) and
interstitial space (fluid between cells, often referred to as third space fluid)
Electrolytes - answers Chemicals in the body needed for normal body functioning,
especially the heart and brain
Acute illnesses (e.g., vomiting and diarrhea), severe burns, serious injury or trauma,
chronic kidney disease, surgery, poor nutritional intake, and older adults - answers Risk
factors that can alter a person's fluid and electrolyte balance include:
What is the minimum hourly urinary output? - answers Atleast 30mL per hour
Increase in blood pressure due to increased blood volume, peripheral pulses are often
strong and bounding and peripheral edema occurs. - answers What are the signs and
symptoms of someone experiencing fluid excess (overload)?
Hypotension, tachycardia and weak/thready pulses. - answers What are the signs and
symptoms of someone experiencing a fluid volume deficit?
Changes in weight - answers What is the best indicator of fluid volume changes in the
body?
Serum electrolyte concentration, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and serum osmolality -
answers Tests used to measure fluid and electrolyte imbalances include:
Oranges, bananas, and potatoes - answers Foods that are good sources of potassium
include:
Fluid replacement, either orally or parenterally - answers What is the primary
collaborative intervention for patients with a fluid deficit?
Fluid restriction and diuretic therapy - answers Interventions for patients experiencing
fluid overload include:
Glucose Regulation - answers The process of maintaining optimal blood glucose levels
Gas Exchange - answers The process of oxygen transport to the cells and carbon
dioxide transport away from the cells through ventilation and diffusion.
Alveoli - answers As adults age, what loses elasticity causing a decrease in gas
exchange?
, Normal functioning central (brain and spinal cord) neurons, normal diaphragm function,
adequate skeletal muscle contractility (especially the intercostal muscles between the
ribs), and an intact chest thorax - answers What does adequate ventilation require?
Acute or chronic problems affecting central neurons, diaphragm function, or skeletal
muscle contractility, aging (loss of pulmonary alveoli elasticity), lung diseases, smoking,
environmental pollutant exposure, and prolonged immobility - answers Risk factors for
decreased gas exchange include:
inadequate transportation of oxygen to body cells and organs and/or retention of carbon
dioxide - answers What does decreased gas exchange result in?
Arterial blood gasses (ABGs) and complete blood count (CBC); when necessary a chest
x-ray, chest computerized tomography (CT), or V/Q scan may be performed - answers
Laboratory tests used to assess gas exchange include:
Immunity - answers Protection from illness or disease that is maintained by the body's
physiologic defense mechanisms
Natural active immunity - answers Occurs when an antigen enters the body and the
body creates antibodies to fight off the antigen
Artificial active immunity - answers Occurs via a vaccination or immunization
Natural passive immunity - answers Occurs when antibodies are passed from mother to
fetus through the placenta or using colostrum or the breast milk
Artificial passive immunity - answers Occurs via a specific transfusion such as
immunoglobulins
Antibody-mediate immunity (humoral immunity) - answers includes the antigens and
antibodies interacting in an attempt to slow down or destroy the foreign body
B-cells, macrophages, T-lymphocytes (T-cells), and spleen - answers Which cells play a
role in antibody-mediated immunity (humoral immunity)?
Cell-mediated immunity - answers Involves the functions of numerous cells to fight off
the antigen, including white blood cells (WBCs), T-cells, natural killer (NK) cells, and
multiple cytokines. The thymus and lymph nodes also play a role in this immune
process.
Older adults (diminished immunity due to normal aging changes), low socioeconomic
groups (inability to obtain proper immunizations), non immunized adults, adults with
chronic illnesses that weaken the immune system, adults on chronic drug therapy such
as corticosteroids and chemotherapeutic agents, adults experiencing substance use
Concepts for Interprofessional Collaborative
Care |All Chapters Verified| Guide A+
Comfort - answers A state of physical well-being, pleasure, and absence of pain or
stress
Interventions for patients with decreased comfort - answers Anticipate pain and
emotional stress, collaborate with members of the inter professional team as needed,
and implement pain management measures
Elimation - answers The excretion of waste from the body by the gastrointestinal (GI)
tract (as feces) and by the urinary system (as urine)
Bowel elimination - answers Occurs as a result of food and fluid intake and ends with
passage of feces (stool) or solid waste products from food into the rectum of the colon
Urinary Elimination - answers Occurs as a result of multiple kidney processes and ends
with the passage of urine through the urinary tract
Continence - answers Voluntary control of both bowel and urinary elimination
Incontinence - answers Lack of bowel or bladder control
Retention - answers inability to expel stool or excrete urine
Obstipation - answers Inability to pass stool
Oliguria - answers Scant urine
Anuria - answers absence of urine
Aging (when pelvic muscles weaken), neurologic disorders, excessive laxative use,
other medication use, GI infections, and lack of exercise - answers Risk factors for
incontinence include:
Adequate nutrition and hydration, diet high in fiber, stay well hydrated, health teaching,
and collaboration with inter professional team - answers Interventions to prevent
changes in elimination include:
,Foods high in potassium - answers Oranges and potatoes
Fluid and electrolyte balance - answers The regulation of body fluid, fluid osmolality,
and electrolytes by processes such as filtration, diffusion, and osmosis.
Where is extracellular fluid found? - answers The vascular space (plasma) and
interstitial space (fluid between cells, often referred to as third space fluid)
Electrolytes - answers Chemicals in the body needed for normal body functioning,
especially the heart and brain
Acute illnesses (e.g., vomiting and diarrhea), severe burns, serious injury or trauma,
chronic kidney disease, surgery, poor nutritional intake, and older adults - answers Risk
factors that can alter a person's fluid and electrolyte balance include:
What is the minimum hourly urinary output? - answers Atleast 30mL per hour
Increase in blood pressure due to increased blood volume, peripheral pulses are often
strong and bounding and peripheral edema occurs. - answers What are the signs and
symptoms of someone experiencing fluid excess (overload)?
Hypotension, tachycardia and weak/thready pulses. - answers What are the signs and
symptoms of someone experiencing a fluid volume deficit?
Changes in weight - answers What is the best indicator of fluid volume changes in the
body?
Serum electrolyte concentration, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and serum osmolality -
answers Tests used to measure fluid and electrolyte imbalances include:
Oranges, bananas, and potatoes - answers Foods that are good sources of potassium
include:
Fluid replacement, either orally or parenterally - answers What is the primary
collaborative intervention for patients with a fluid deficit?
Fluid restriction and diuretic therapy - answers Interventions for patients experiencing
fluid overload include:
Glucose Regulation - answers The process of maintaining optimal blood glucose levels
Gas Exchange - answers The process of oxygen transport to the cells and carbon
dioxide transport away from the cells through ventilation and diffusion.
Alveoli - answers As adults age, what loses elasticity causing a decrease in gas
exchange?
, Normal functioning central (brain and spinal cord) neurons, normal diaphragm function,
adequate skeletal muscle contractility (especially the intercostal muscles between the
ribs), and an intact chest thorax - answers What does adequate ventilation require?
Acute or chronic problems affecting central neurons, diaphragm function, or skeletal
muscle contractility, aging (loss of pulmonary alveoli elasticity), lung diseases, smoking,
environmental pollutant exposure, and prolonged immobility - answers Risk factors for
decreased gas exchange include:
inadequate transportation of oxygen to body cells and organs and/or retention of carbon
dioxide - answers What does decreased gas exchange result in?
Arterial blood gasses (ABGs) and complete blood count (CBC); when necessary a chest
x-ray, chest computerized tomography (CT), or V/Q scan may be performed - answers
Laboratory tests used to assess gas exchange include:
Immunity - answers Protection from illness or disease that is maintained by the body's
physiologic defense mechanisms
Natural active immunity - answers Occurs when an antigen enters the body and the
body creates antibodies to fight off the antigen
Artificial active immunity - answers Occurs via a vaccination or immunization
Natural passive immunity - answers Occurs when antibodies are passed from mother to
fetus through the placenta or using colostrum or the breast milk
Artificial passive immunity - answers Occurs via a specific transfusion such as
immunoglobulins
Antibody-mediate immunity (humoral immunity) - answers includes the antigens and
antibodies interacting in an attempt to slow down or destroy the foreign body
B-cells, macrophages, T-lymphocytes (T-cells), and spleen - answers Which cells play a
role in antibody-mediated immunity (humoral immunity)?
Cell-mediated immunity - answers Involves the functions of numerous cells to fight off
the antigen, including white blood cells (WBCs), T-cells, natural killer (NK) cells, and
multiple cytokines. The thymus and lymph nodes also play a role in this immune
process.
Older adults (diminished immunity due to normal aging changes), low socioeconomic
groups (inability to obtain proper immunizations), non immunized adults, adults with
chronic illnesses that weaken the immune system, adults on chronic drug therapy such
as corticosteroids and chemotherapeutic agents, adults experiencing substance use
