PSYC300 - Exam 1 Review UMD with all Correct & 100%
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1. Method of
Sci- ence An approach to acquiring knowledge.
Involves formulating specific questions and then systematically finding
answers. Combines several ditterent methods of acquiring knowledge
2. Empirical Science Answers are obtained by making structured or systematic
observations
Results will provide support for the hypothesis or will not provide
support.
3. Public Science Observations are available for evaluation by others
Replication is key to the scientific method
4. Limits of Science 1. Requires repeatable and observable events
2. Many questions not able to be addressed
-moral or ethical questions
-May be used to support or assess morals
-not able to answer which morals are empirically right
5. Science Evidence is gathered from careful, systematic, and public observations
6. Pseudoscience 1. A system of ideas often presented as science
2. Lacks some of the key components essential to scientific
research
e.g. astrology, phrenology, freud's psychoanalysis
7. Steps of the
Sci- entific 1. Observe behavior or other phenomena
Method -leads to empirical research question
2. Form a tentative answer or explanation (a theory)
3. Design an empirical test of your theory: how will you measure your
variables?
-operationism
-level of measurement
4. Design an empirical test of your theory: what research design is
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best
5. Use your theory and
research design to
generate a hypothesis
6. Identify the
participants or subjects
for the study, decide
how they will be
selected, and plan for
their ethical
treatment
7. Conduct the study
(get your data!)
, PSYC300 - Exam 1 Review UMD with all Correct & 100%
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8. Evaluate the data (statistics)
9. Interpret and report the results (Step 5 of NHST in APA format)
10. Refine or reformulate your research idea
-- return to step 2 and continue
Important: there are no final answers
8. Step 1: -Observe behavior or other phenomena (leads to empirical research
Empirical question)
Research
Ques- tion -Questions "that can be answered through the systematic
observations and experiences that characterize scientific
methodology"
9. Empirical
Ques- tions -Allows specific predictions
Sources
-Personal interests and curiosities
-Casual observation
-Practical problems or questions
-Behavioral theories
-Reports of others' observations
10. "Good"
Scientific -What causes x? I think y causes x.
Theories -Academic publications
-Potential for falsification
-must be able to test your theory
-for a theory to be useful, the predictions drawn from it must be specific
-specify what should happen
-imply or specify what should not happen
-Logical
-Parsimonious
-More precision (theory of knocking rhythms)
-Quantity of confirmations
-Quality of confirmations
11. Theory A set of statements about mechanisms underlying a particular
, PSYC300 - Exam 1 Review UMD with all Correct & 100%
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phenomena
12. Constructs
Verified Answers |Actual Complete Exam| Already Graded A+
1. Method of
Sci- ence An approach to acquiring knowledge.
Involves formulating specific questions and then systematically finding
answers. Combines several ditterent methods of acquiring knowledge
2. Empirical Science Answers are obtained by making structured or systematic
observations
Results will provide support for the hypothesis or will not provide
support.
3. Public Science Observations are available for evaluation by others
Replication is key to the scientific method
4. Limits of Science 1. Requires repeatable and observable events
2. Many questions not able to be addressed
-moral or ethical questions
-May be used to support or assess morals
-not able to answer which morals are empirically right
5. Science Evidence is gathered from careful, systematic, and public observations
6. Pseudoscience 1. A system of ideas often presented as science
2. Lacks some of the key components essential to scientific
research
e.g. astrology, phrenology, freud's psychoanalysis
7. Steps of the
Sci- entific 1. Observe behavior or other phenomena
Method -leads to empirical research question
2. Form a tentative answer or explanation (a theory)
3. Design an empirical test of your theory: how will you measure your
variables?
-operationism
-level of measurement
4. Design an empirical test of your theory: what research design is
, PSYC300 - Exam 1 Review UMD with all Correct & 100%
Verified Answers |Actual Complete Exam| Already Graded A+
best
5. Use your theory and
research design to
generate a hypothesis
6. Identify the
participants or subjects
for the study, decide
how they will be
selected, and plan for
their ethical
treatment
7. Conduct the study
(get your data!)
, PSYC300 - Exam 1 Review UMD with all Correct & 100%
Verified Answers |Actual Complete Exam| Already Graded A+
8. Evaluate the data (statistics)
9. Interpret and report the results (Step 5 of NHST in APA format)
10. Refine or reformulate your research idea
-- return to step 2 and continue
Important: there are no final answers
8. Step 1: -Observe behavior or other phenomena (leads to empirical research
Empirical question)
Research
Ques- tion -Questions "that can be answered through the systematic
observations and experiences that characterize scientific
methodology"
9. Empirical
Ques- tions -Allows specific predictions
Sources
-Personal interests and curiosities
-Casual observation
-Practical problems or questions
-Behavioral theories
-Reports of others' observations
10. "Good"
Scientific -What causes x? I think y causes x.
Theories -Academic publications
-Potential for falsification
-must be able to test your theory
-for a theory to be useful, the predictions drawn from it must be specific
-specify what should happen
-imply or specify what should not happen
-Logical
-Parsimonious
-More precision (theory of knocking rhythms)
-Quantity of confirmations
-Quality of confirmations
11. Theory A set of statements about mechanisms underlying a particular
, PSYC300 - Exam 1 Review UMD with all Correct & 100%
Verified Answers |Actual Complete Exam| Already Graded A+
phenomena
12. Constructs
