Test Bank For Police Administration 10th
Edition Chapter 1-15 Complete Guide
What type of authority are police and what power do they represent? - answers Civil
Authority, Civil Power of Government as opposed to Military Power
How are the military trained compared to the police? - answers Military: trained to kill
and destroy
Police: trained to use weapons and force if needed NOT trained to kill
What is policing? - answers maintaining orders and dealing with law breakers
What were private citizens responsible for? - answers Maintaining order and dealing
with law breakers and for protection
When did modern (uniformed) police departments appear in England? - answers 19th
century
What is American policing based off? - answers English policing
How did the system "Mutual Pledge" get established - answers In the 9th century King
Alfred the Great was preparing for war against the Danish Invasion
What is the "mutual pledge"? - answers a system where stability and protection is
maintained
Tithings - answers 10 families protecting each other
A Hundred - answers 10 tithings (100 families) protected each other they were under
control of a constable. If there was a problem citizens were to raise a hue and cry (call
for help) when this happened ALL males were to respond. The constable would deal
with more serious crimes.
Shires - answers Larger groups based on geography. The "county" was under control of
the king. It was governed by the "shire-reeve" aka the sheriff.
When was the Statute of Winchester in acted in Europe? - answers 1285 A.D.
What did the Staute of Winchester establish? - answers Watch and Ward; this was an
all men night watch
Hue and Cry; if the men didn't respond this was considered a crime
Position of Parish constable
Requirement that all males MUST keep weapons in home
,Watchmen - answers had 3 major duties: patrolling streets, lighting street lamps
cleaning garbage putting out fires, and enforcing criminal law
Patrolling Streets meant - answers looking to see everyone was home and quiet; no
strangers
When was the office of the Justice of the Peace established and for what reason? -
answers early 14th century; to assist in rural areas the shire-reeve, and in urban areas
the parish. Eventually the Justice of the Peace did judicial functions
Parish Constable duties (14th century) - answers supervised night watchmen;
investigated; issued summons; warrants; and secured prisoners
Shire-Reeves duties (14th century) - answers collected taxes
Magistrate duties (17th century) - answers in court, ordering arrests, issuing warrants,
calling witnesses, and examining prisoners
Beadle duties (17th century) - answers removing vagrants from streets, investigating,
issuing warrants, calling witnesses, and examining prisoners
How could the 17th century criminal justice system be described? - answers corrupt and
ineffective
Thief-Takers duties 17th century - answers "private police", (real life bounty hunters),
they were citizens paid for each arrest by the king. Their major job was to combat
highway robbery.
What happened in 1693? - answers Act of parliament established monetary awards for
capture of road bandits. This made the thief-takers paid upon conviction (what ever the
thief had it was now the thief takers) They arrested burglars, sheep stealers, and army
deserters. Thief-Takers were paid on a sliding scale (some crimes paid better than
others)
What did the act of parliament do? - answers created a lot of corruption: framing, lying,
falsely accusing, blackmail, and often would play both sides of the field. Ex. would steal
then say they found what was stolen so they'd get paid reward.
Bow Street Runners - answers technically thief-takers, came about as a result of John
and Henry Fielding (magistrates). They were investigative private citizens, they received
thief-takers awards
Henry Fielding - answers created the first modern police force foundation. He
established a relationship with pawnbrokers by having them keep an eye out for land
that was recently stolen. This was the 1st official crime reports
,What did the Fieldings do? - answers they collected, disseminated crime info (center of
criminal intelligence work)
What year did horse patrol come? - answers 1763 in London
Why did the horse patrol get disbanded after 9 months? - answers lack of government
support
What happened in 1770? - answers public funds finally advocated to support small foot
patrol
What year was Patrick Colquhoun lobby for a small police agancy rejected? - answers
1789
What year did Colquhoun get a river/marine police along the Thames River? - answers
1798
What year brought horse patrol, uniformed, civil police, and 2 inspectors with 52 men in
uniforms? - answers 1804
Who and in what year drafted a bill called Metropolitan Police Act? - answers 1829 Sir
Robert Peele
What was the first large scale, uniformed, organized, paid, civil, English Police
Department called? - answers London Metropolitan Police
What was the name of the 1000 plus men that were hired? - answers Bobbies
what are 7 basic principles? - answers -Police should be organized along military lines
-Proper persons should be hired and trained
-Police officers hired on probationary basis
-Under control of civil government
-Organized and deployed by time and area
-Police head quarters and leaderships should be centrally located
-Police should maintain records
What happened in 1833 that changed the people's view of the police? - answers an
officer was killed by citizens and then sympathy took over and the people liked the
police. Prior to this the police were hated for 4 years and NO support!
American Policing - answers the colonies in the 17th century had a law enforcement
similar to Englands
County Sheriff duties - answers enforced law, supervised elections (prevent voter
fraud), collected taxes; not paid salary, paid fee for arrest didn't patrol stayed in offices
, What type of law enforcement did American cities have? - answers Marshalls,
Constables, and Night Watchmen
When and where was the first night watch? - answers 1631 in Boston
When and where did 8 paid watchmen replace volunteers? - answers 1658 in New
Amsterdam
Why did vigilantism begin in American Policing? - answers because citizens still took on
the law in their own hands
What was the 18th century like for policing? - answers crime, riots, drunkenness; law
enforcement still consisted of constables and night watches (still incompetent)
What happened in Boston in 1838? - answers 1st original police department was
created
What are the details about the first original police department? - answers -8 hour shifts
daytime police duties
-maintenance of public health
By what year did the police start to patrol by night? - answers 1851
By what year did police stations get constructed? - answers 1854
When were the police fully uniformed? - answers 1859
What was the 19th century like for policing? - answers police were dominated by local
politicians, they were brutal, corrupt, and inept (no skill), enforced party in power,
protected private property, controlled immigrants
What did politicians do for police? - answers -they decided who would be appointed and
promoted
-there was NO job security (depended on what party was in power)
-no long time experience
-no training
-sometimes not even slightly qualified
What did the law enforcement do in 19th century? - answers street cleaning, boiler
inspection (public safety), took "care" of poor and homeless people, operated
emergency vehicles/transportation, and other social service?
Were fire arms issued? - answers No, but there were no rules that they couldn't have
there own
Edition Chapter 1-15 Complete Guide
What type of authority are police and what power do they represent? - answers Civil
Authority, Civil Power of Government as opposed to Military Power
How are the military trained compared to the police? - answers Military: trained to kill
and destroy
Police: trained to use weapons and force if needed NOT trained to kill
What is policing? - answers maintaining orders and dealing with law breakers
What were private citizens responsible for? - answers Maintaining order and dealing
with law breakers and for protection
When did modern (uniformed) police departments appear in England? - answers 19th
century
What is American policing based off? - answers English policing
How did the system "Mutual Pledge" get established - answers In the 9th century King
Alfred the Great was preparing for war against the Danish Invasion
What is the "mutual pledge"? - answers a system where stability and protection is
maintained
Tithings - answers 10 families protecting each other
A Hundred - answers 10 tithings (100 families) protected each other they were under
control of a constable. If there was a problem citizens were to raise a hue and cry (call
for help) when this happened ALL males were to respond. The constable would deal
with more serious crimes.
Shires - answers Larger groups based on geography. The "county" was under control of
the king. It was governed by the "shire-reeve" aka the sheriff.
When was the Statute of Winchester in acted in Europe? - answers 1285 A.D.
What did the Staute of Winchester establish? - answers Watch and Ward; this was an
all men night watch
Hue and Cry; if the men didn't respond this was considered a crime
Position of Parish constable
Requirement that all males MUST keep weapons in home
,Watchmen - answers had 3 major duties: patrolling streets, lighting street lamps
cleaning garbage putting out fires, and enforcing criminal law
Patrolling Streets meant - answers looking to see everyone was home and quiet; no
strangers
When was the office of the Justice of the Peace established and for what reason? -
answers early 14th century; to assist in rural areas the shire-reeve, and in urban areas
the parish. Eventually the Justice of the Peace did judicial functions
Parish Constable duties (14th century) - answers supervised night watchmen;
investigated; issued summons; warrants; and secured prisoners
Shire-Reeves duties (14th century) - answers collected taxes
Magistrate duties (17th century) - answers in court, ordering arrests, issuing warrants,
calling witnesses, and examining prisoners
Beadle duties (17th century) - answers removing vagrants from streets, investigating,
issuing warrants, calling witnesses, and examining prisoners
How could the 17th century criminal justice system be described? - answers corrupt and
ineffective
Thief-Takers duties 17th century - answers "private police", (real life bounty hunters),
they were citizens paid for each arrest by the king. Their major job was to combat
highway robbery.
What happened in 1693? - answers Act of parliament established monetary awards for
capture of road bandits. This made the thief-takers paid upon conviction (what ever the
thief had it was now the thief takers) They arrested burglars, sheep stealers, and army
deserters. Thief-Takers were paid on a sliding scale (some crimes paid better than
others)
What did the act of parliament do? - answers created a lot of corruption: framing, lying,
falsely accusing, blackmail, and often would play both sides of the field. Ex. would steal
then say they found what was stolen so they'd get paid reward.
Bow Street Runners - answers technically thief-takers, came about as a result of John
and Henry Fielding (magistrates). They were investigative private citizens, they received
thief-takers awards
Henry Fielding - answers created the first modern police force foundation. He
established a relationship with pawnbrokers by having them keep an eye out for land
that was recently stolen. This was the 1st official crime reports
,What did the Fieldings do? - answers they collected, disseminated crime info (center of
criminal intelligence work)
What year did horse patrol come? - answers 1763 in London
Why did the horse patrol get disbanded after 9 months? - answers lack of government
support
What happened in 1770? - answers public funds finally advocated to support small foot
patrol
What year was Patrick Colquhoun lobby for a small police agancy rejected? - answers
1789
What year did Colquhoun get a river/marine police along the Thames River? - answers
1798
What year brought horse patrol, uniformed, civil police, and 2 inspectors with 52 men in
uniforms? - answers 1804
Who and in what year drafted a bill called Metropolitan Police Act? - answers 1829 Sir
Robert Peele
What was the first large scale, uniformed, organized, paid, civil, English Police
Department called? - answers London Metropolitan Police
What was the name of the 1000 plus men that were hired? - answers Bobbies
what are 7 basic principles? - answers -Police should be organized along military lines
-Proper persons should be hired and trained
-Police officers hired on probationary basis
-Under control of civil government
-Organized and deployed by time and area
-Police head quarters and leaderships should be centrally located
-Police should maintain records
What happened in 1833 that changed the people's view of the police? - answers an
officer was killed by citizens and then sympathy took over and the people liked the
police. Prior to this the police were hated for 4 years and NO support!
American Policing - answers the colonies in the 17th century had a law enforcement
similar to Englands
County Sheriff duties - answers enforced law, supervised elections (prevent voter
fraud), collected taxes; not paid salary, paid fee for arrest didn't patrol stayed in offices
, What type of law enforcement did American cities have? - answers Marshalls,
Constables, and Night Watchmen
When and where was the first night watch? - answers 1631 in Boston
When and where did 8 paid watchmen replace volunteers? - answers 1658 in New
Amsterdam
Why did vigilantism begin in American Policing? - answers because citizens still took on
the law in their own hands
What was the 18th century like for policing? - answers crime, riots, drunkenness; law
enforcement still consisted of constables and night watches (still incompetent)
What happened in Boston in 1838? - answers 1st original police department was
created
What are the details about the first original police department? - answers -8 hour shifts
daytime police duties
-maintenance of public health
By what year did the police start to patrol by night? - answers 1851
By what year did police stations get constructed? - answers 1854
When were the police fully uniformed? - answers 1859
What was the 19th century like for policing? - answers police were dominated by local
politicians, they were brutal, corrupt, and inept (no skill), enforced party in power,
protected private property, controlled immigrants
What did politicians do for police? - answers -they decided who would be appointed and
promoted
-there was NO job security (depended on what party was in power)
-no long time experience
-no training
-sometimes not even slightly qualified
What did the law enforcement do in 19th century? - answers street cleaning, boiler
inspection (public safety), took "care" of poor and homeless people, operated
emergency vehicles/transportation, and other social service?
Were fire arms issued? - answers No, but there were no rules that they couldn't have
there own
