Test Bank - Immunology and Serology in
Laboratory Medicine, New Edition – All
Chapters
Humoral Complement - answers A component of the immune system that enhances the
ability of antibodies and phagocytic cells to clear pathogens.
Lysozyme - answers An enzyme that breaks down bacterial cell walls, contributing to
the immune response.
Adaptive immunity - answers Another term for acquired immunity.
Humoral components of the adaptive immune system - answers Include B lymphocytes
and antibodies.
Active natural immunity - answers Acquired through natural exposure to pathogens.
Artificial active immunity - answers Acquired through vaccination.
Passive natural immunity - answers Acquired through transfer in vivo or by colostrum.
Artificial passive immunity - answers Acquired through infusion of serum or plasma.
Immune system - answers The body's defense system against infectious organisms and
other invaders.
Lymphocytes - answers A type of white blood cell involved in the immune response.
Cooperative interaction - answers The collaboration between different immune cells to
mount an effective response.
Nonspecific immune elements - answers Components of the immune system that
provide a general defense against pathogens.
Autoimmune disorder - answers A condition in which the body's own tissues are
attacked as if they were foreign.
Natural immunity - answers Characterized as being innate or inborn.
Antibody Produced by Host - answers The immune response that produces specific
antibodies against pathogens.
,IgG - answers Increased in infectious diseases, collagen disorders, and hematologic
disorders.
IgM - answers Produced early in an immune response.
IgA - answers Predominant immunoglobulin in secretions.
IgD - answers Primarily a cell membrane immunoglobulin.
IgE - answers Mediates some types of hypersensitivity reactions.
Antigenic determinant - answers A synonym for epitope.
Allogenic - answers Genetically different individuals of the same species.
Antigenic substances - answers Can be composed of large polysaccharides, proteins,
and glycoproteins.
Chemical composition of an antibody - answers Primarily protein.
Isotype - answers Dominant type found on immunoglobulins of all animals of a species
Allotype - answers Found on the immunoglobulins of some, but not all, animals of a
species
Idiotype - answers Individual determinants characteristic of each antibody
Antibody response sequence - answers Lag phase, Log phase, Plateau, Decline
Anamnestic response - answers Has a shorter lag phase
Antigens - answers Are usually large organic molecules
Immunogenicity - answers Depends greatly on its biochemical composition, degree of
foreignness, and having a low molecular weight
Antibodies - answers Also referred to as Immunoglobulins
Specificity - answers Ability of an antibody to combine with one antigen instead of
another
Affinity - answers Strength of a bond between a single antigenic determinant and an
individual combining site
Avidity - answers Strength with which a multivalent antibody binds to a multivalent
antigen
,Immune complex - answers Noncovalent combination of an antigen with its respective
specific antibody
Monovalent antibodies - answers Also referred to as Incomplete antibodies
Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) - answers Are antibodies engineered to bind to a single
epitope
Bonding in antigen-antibody reactions - answers Involves Hydrophobic, Hydrogen, Van
der Waals, and Noncovalent bonding
Strongest bond of antigen and antibody - answers Results from the type of bonding and
goodness of fit
Phases of an antibody response - answers Log, Plateau, Lag, Decline
Secondary (anamnestic) response characteristics - answers IgG is the predominant
antibody type, it has a shorter lag phase, the antibody titer is lower, it has a more
gradual decline in antibody response
Bonding of antigen to antibody - answers Exists exclusively as Hydrogen bonding
Site of hematopoiesis in the first month of gestation - answers Yolk sac
Principal type of leukocyte in phagocytosis - answers Neutrophil
Chronic granulomatous disease defect - answers Oxidative metabolism
Primary function of eosinophil - answers Reacting in acute, systemic hypersensitivity
reactions
Cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system - answers Monocytes and macrophages
Host defense functions of monocytes-macrophages - answers Antigen presentation,
Phagocytosis, Secretion of biologically active molecules
Surface MHC class II gene product importance - answers Antigen recognition by T
lymphocytes
Defect in phagocytic killing condition - answers Corticosteroid therapy
Defective monocyte cytotoxicity condition - answers Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
Defective release of macrophage-activating factors condition - answers Intracellular
infections
, Depressed migration condition - answers Burns or diabetes
Impaired phagocytosis condition - answers Systemic lupus erythematosus
Steps of phagocytosis sequence - answers Increase in chemoattractants at site of
tissue damage, Movement of phagocytic cells, Ingestion of bacteria, Digestion of
bacteria
Polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) leukocytes function - answers Primary phagocytic
cells
Lymphocytes function - answers Recognition of foreign antigen and production of
antibody
Mononuclear monocytes-macrophages function - answers Primary phagocytic cells
Plasma cells function - answers Antibody-synthesizing cells
Sites of blood cell development sequence - answers Yolk sac, Liver and spleen, Bone
marrow
Marked decrease in neutrophils effects - answers High rate of infection, Recurrent
systemic bacterial infections, Recurrent life-threatening fungal infections
Chronic granulomatosus disease characteristics - answers Failure to exhibit increased
anaerobic metabolism during phagocytosis
Lazy leukocyte syndrome characteristics - answers Defective leukocyte locomotion
Chédiak-Higashi anomaly characteristics - answers Marked defect in cellular response
to chemotaxis
Myeloperoxidase deficiency characteristics - answers Mild to marked defect in
bactericidal ability of neutrophils
Eosinophils false statement - answers They are homeostatic regulators of inflammation.
Basophils - answers They participate in hypersensitivity reactions.
False statement about basophils - answers They react with two adjacent IgA molecules
on mast cells.
Physiologic, mononuclear phagocyte system - answers The cells that constitute the
system do not include polymorphonuclear neutrophils.
Laboratory Medicine, New Edition – All
Chapters
Humoral Complement - answers A component of the immune system that enhances the
ability of antibodies and phagocytic cells to clear pathogens.
Lysozyme - answers An enzyme that breaks down bacterial cell walls, contributing to
the immune response.
Adaptive immunity - answers Another term for acquired immunity.
Humoral components of the adaptive immune system - answers Include B lymphocytes
and antibodies.
Active natural immunity - answers Acquired through natural exposure to pathogens.
Artificial active immunity - answers Acquired through vaccination.
Passive natural immunity - answers Acquired through transfer in vivo or by colostrum.
Artificial passive immunity - answers Acquired through infusion of serum or plasma.
Immune system - answers The body's defense system against infectious organisms and
other invaders.
Lymphocytes - answers A type of white blood cell involved in the immune response.
Cooperative interaction - answers The collaboration between different immune cells to
mount an effective response.
Nonspecific immune elements - answers Components of the immune system that
provide a general defense against pathogens.
Autoimmune disorder - answers A condition in which the body's own tissues are
attacked as if they were foreign.
Natural immunity - answers Characterized as being innate or inborn.
Antibody Produced by Host - answers The immune response that produces specific
antibodies against pathogens.
,IgG - answers Increased in infectious diseases, collagen disorders, and hematologic
disorders.
IgM - answers Produced early in an immune response.
IgA - answers Predominant immunoglobulin in secretions.
IgD - answers Primarily a cell membrane immunoglobulin.
IgE - answers Mediates some types of hypersensitivity reactions.
Antigenic determinant - answers A synonym for epitope.
Allogenic - answers Genetically different individuals of the same species.
Antigenic substances - answers Can be composed of large polysaccharides, proteins,
and glycoproteins.
Chemical composition of an antibody - answers Primarily protein.
Isotype - answers Dominant type found on immunoglobulins of all animals of a species
Allotype - answers Found on the immunoglobulins of some, but not all, animals of a
species
Idiotype - answers Individual determinants characteristic of each antibody
Antibody response sequence - answers Lag phase, Log phase, Plateau, Decline
Anamnestic response - answers Has a shorter lag phase
Antigens - answers Are usually large organic molecules
Immunogenicity - answers Depends greatly on its biochemical composition, degree of
foreignness, and having a low molecular weight
Antibodies - answers Also referred to as Immunoglobulins
Specificity - answers Ability of an antibody to combine with one antigen instead of
another
Affinity - answers Strength of a bond between a single antigenic determinant and an
individual combining site
Avidity - answers Strength with which a multivalent antibody binds to a multivalent
antigen
,Immune complex - answers Noncovalent combination of an antigen with its respective
specific antibody
Monovalent antibodies - answers Also referred to as Incomplete antibodies
Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) - answers Are antibodies engineered to bind to a single
epitope
Bonding in antigen-antibody reactions - answers Involves Hydrophobic, Hydrogen, Van
der Waals, and Noncovalent bonding
Strongest bond of antigen and antibody - answers Results from the type of bonding and
goodness of fit
Phases of an antibody response - answers Log, Plateau, Lag, Decline
Secondary (anamnestic) response characteristics - answers IgG is the predominant
antibody type, it has a shorter lag phase, the antibody titer is lower, it has a more
gradual decline in antibody response
Bonding of antigen to antibody - answers Exists exclusively as Hydrogen bonding
Site of hematopoiesis in the first month of gestation - answers Yolk sac
Principal type of leukocyte in phagocytosis - answers Neutrophil
Chronic granulomatous disease defect - answers Oxidative metabolism
Primary function of eosinophil - answers Reacting in acute, systemic hypersensitivity
reactions
Cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system - answers Monocytes and macrophages
Host defense functions of monocytes-macrophages - answers Antigen presentation,
Phagocytosis, Secretion of biologically active molecules
Surface MHC class II gene product importance - answers Antigen recognition by T
lymphocytes
Defect in phagocytic killing condition - answers Corticosteroid therapy
Defective monocyte cytotoxicity condition - answers Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
Defective release of macrophage-activating factors condition - answers Intracellular
infections
, Depressed migration condition - answers Burns or diabetes
Impaired phagocytosis condition - answers Systemic lupus erythematosus
Steps of phagocytosis sequence - answers Increase in chemoattractants at site of
tissue damage, Movement of phagocytic cells, Ingestion of bacteria, Digestion of
bacteria
Polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) leukocytes function - answers Primary phagocytic
cells
Lymphocytes function - answers Recognition of foreign antigen and production of
antibody
Mononuclear monocytes-macrophages function - answers Primary phagocytic cells
Plasma cells function - answers Antibody-synthesizing cells
Sites of blood cell development sequence - answers Yolk sac, Liver and spleen, Bone
marrow
Marked decrease in neutrophils effects - answers High rate of infection, Recurrent
systemic bacterial infections, Recurrent life-threatening fungal infections
Chronic granulomatosus disease characteristics - answers Failure to exhibit increased
anaerobic metabolism during phagocytosis
Lazy leukocyte syndrome characteristics - answers Defective leukocyte locomotion
Chédiak-Higashi anomaly characteristics - answers Marked defect in cellular response
to chemotaxis
Myeloperoxidase deficiency characteristics - answers Mild to marked defect in
bactericidal ability of neutrophils
Eosinophils false statement - answers They are homeostatic regulators of inflammation.
Basophils - answers They participate in hypersensitivity reactions.
False statement about basophils - answers They react with two adjacent IgA molecules
on mast cells.
Physiologic, mononuclear phagocyte system - answers The cells that constitute the
system do not include polymorphonuclear neutrophils.
