RTV 3001 Quiz 5 with detailed answers
rated A+ 2025/2026
What was the telegraph model? What was the telephone model? Why didn't these work very
well for broadcasting? - correct answer ✔✔Telegraph model: Telegraph companies bought their
own equipment and network (telegraph lines) and also had to pay for professional telegraph
operators. To recoup their expenses and generate additional revenue, the companies charged
for each word in a message sent by customers. Shorter messages were less expensive than
longer ones. Similar to today's tweets, telegraphed messages were often cryptic and written
using abbreviations to keep the messages as short as possible.
Telephone model: The telephone system was and still is a closed system, meaning that
messages travel only from telephone-to-telephone. Telephone companies charge either a flat
fee per month for calls or a combination of a flat fee for local calls and a per-use (or per-minute)
charge for long-distance calls.
They didn't work very well because they were one-to-one models
What were the various models considered for generating revenue in the early days of
broadcasting? Which ones of these are still used by the industry today? - correct answer
✔✔Per-set Tax Model
The Voluntary Audience Contribution Model
The Government Subsidy or Ownership Model
The Toll Broadcasting Model
The Sponsorship Model
The Spot Advertising Model
The Subscription Model
,2. The toll model, sponsorship, spot, subscription
What was the importance and effect of the Report on Chain Broadcasting? - correct answer
✔✔The report mandated that affiliation contracts be limited to 3 years, that affiliates could
reject network programs, that networks could own only one affiliate per market, and that
networks had the right to offer to non-affiliate stations the programs that affiliates do not want
to air.
The networks had to change the way they conducted business with their affiliates. The most
notable result of the ruling was that in 1943, NBC was forced to divest the smaller of its two
networks, the Blue network, which it sold to LifeSavers candy mogul Edward J. Noble. The Blue
Network was subsequently renamed the American Broadcasting Company (ABC). The three
major
broadcast networks were now in place, ready to dominate broadcasting for the next 50 years.
Why was it beneficial for broadcast networks to own stations in the largest local station
markets? - correct answer ✔✔Network programs drew
large audiences that the network sold for high prices to advertisers.
They did not have to compensate the stations for clearing the airtime to run the network's
programs.
Which broadcast network began in 1986 to compete with ABC, CBS and NBC? - correct answer
✔✔Fox
How was broadcasting deregulated during the 1980s? - correct answer ✔✔Fairness Doctrine?
What is the broadcast star model and what does it consist of (pp. 233-34, diagram 10.1)? -
correct answer ✔✔Shows the basic interrelationships between stations, program suppliers,
regulators, advertisers, and the audience. Shape of a star.
, Television stations, consisting of three different types: network owned and operated (O&Os),
network affiliates, and independent stations.
As described in the FYI box on p. 234, what advantages does a broadcast network attain when it
may own a controlling portion of a TV show that it airs on its network? - correct answer ✔✔The
network can decide where the program
will be shown after (or even during) its network run. The networks often have 'sister channels'
(such as Fox's FX) that get shows from the networks at a lower price than what a producer
would get from other stations in the syndication market. The
relationship between the network and its sister
network can seriously reduce the value of a program, since the network can have an agreement
to outbid any other network or station for the show at any time. Because of that type of
agreement, the other networks or stations may not even attempt to get the show, thus reducing
the market value of the show.
How did the Telecommunications Act of 1996 influence the following areas of the electronic
media business: telephone service, radio and TV broadcasting and cable television? - correct
answer ✔✔Telephone service: The 1996 Act overruled state restrictions on competition in
providing local and long-distance service, which allowed the regional Bell (Telephone) operating
companies
(also known as Baby Bells and RBOCs, pronounced 'ree-boks') to provide long-distance
service outside their regions and required them to remove barriers to competition inside their
regions.
Radio and TV Broadcasting: The 1996 act relaxed media concentration rules for television by
allowing any one company to own stations that could reach 35% of the nation's television
households, an increase from the previous limit of 25%.
Limits on radio station ownership were also repealed, but some restrictions remained on the
number of local stations a company could own in any one market.
rated A+ 2025/2026
What was the telegraph model? What was the telephone model? Why didn't these work very
well for broadcasting? - correct answer ✔✔Telegraph model: Telegraph companies bought their
own equipment and network (telegraph lines) and also had to pay for professional telegraph
operators. To recoup their expenses and generate additional revenue, the companies charged
for each word in a message sent by customers. Shorter messages were less expensive than
longer ones. Similar to today's tweets, telegraphed messages were often cryptic and written
using abbreviations to keep the messages as short as possible.
Telephone model: The telephone system was and still is a closed system, meaning that
messages travel only from telephone-to-telephone. Telephone companies charge either a flat
fee per month for calls or a combination of a flat fee for local calls and a per-use (or per-minute)
charge for long-distance calls.
They didn't work very well because they were one-to-one models
What were the various models considered for generating revenue in the early days of
broadcasting? Which ones of these are still used by the industry today? - correct answer
✔✔Per-set Tax Model
The Voluntary Audience Contribution Model
The Government Subsidy or Ownership Model
The Toll Broadcasting Model
The Sponsorship Model
The Spot Advertising Model
The Subscription Model
,2. The toll model, sponsorship, spot, subscription
What was the importance and effect of the Report on Chain Broadcasting? - correct answer
✔✔The report mandated that affiliation contracts be limited to 3 years, that affiliates could
reject network programs, that networks could own only one affiliate per market, and that
networks had the right to offer to non-affiliate stations the programs that affiliates do not want
to air.
The networks had to change the way they conducted business with their affiliates. The most
notable result of the ruling was that in 1943, NBC was forced to divest the smaller of its two
networks, the Blue network, which it sold to LifeSavers candy mogul Edward J. Noble. The Blue
Network was subsequently renamed the American Broadcasting Company (ABC). The three
major
broadcast networks were now in place, ready to dominate broadcasting for the next 50 years.
Why was it beneficial for broadcast networks to own stations in the largest local station
markets? - correct answer ✔✔Network programs drew
large audiences that the network sold for high prices to advertisers.
They did not have to compensate the stations for clearing the airtime to run the network's
programs.
Which broadcast network began in 1986 to compete with ABC, CBS and NBC? - correct answer
✔✔Fox
How was broadcasting deregulated during the 1980s? - correct answer ✔✔Fairness Doctrine?
What is the broadcast star model and what does it consist of (pp. 233-34, diagram 10.1)? -
correct answer ✔✔Shows the basic interrelationships between stations, program suppliers,
regulators, advertisers, and the audience. Shape of a star.
, Television stations, consisting of three different types: network owned and operated (O&Os),
network affiliates, and independent stations.
As described in the FYI box on p. 234, what advantages does a broadcast network attain when it
may own a controlling portion of a TV show that it airs on its network? - correct answer ✔✔The
network can decide where the program
will be shown after (or even during) its network run. The networks often have 'sister channels'
(such as Fox's FX) that get shows from the networks at a lower price than what a producer
would get from other stations in the syndication market. The
relationship between the network and its sister
network can seriously reduce the value of a program, since the network can have an agreement
to outbid any other network or station for the show at any time. Because of that type of
agreement, the other networks or stations may not even attempt to get the show, thus reducing
the market value of the show.
How did the Telecommunications Act of 1996 influence the following areas of the electronic
media business: telephone service, radio and TV broadcasting and cable television? - correct
answer ✔✔Telephone service: The 1996 Act overruled state restrictions on competition in
providing local and long-distance service, which allowed the regional Bell (Telephone) operating
companies
(also known as Baby Bells and RBOCs, pronounced 'ree-boks') to provide long-distance
service outside their regions and required them to remove barriers to competition inside their
regions.
Radio and TV Broadcasting: The 1996 act relaxed media concentration rules for television by
allowing any one company to own stations that could reach 35% of the nation's television
households, an increase from the previous limit of 25%.
Limits on radio station ownership were also repealed, but some restrictions remained on the
number of local stations a company could own in any one market.
