answered graded A+ 2025/2026
a. Variables are stored in both rows and columns - ANS ✔✔The titers of the antibody type IgA
or IgG were measured from a number of patient blood samples. How is the data, as configured,
untidy?
a. Variables are stored in both rows and columns
b. Multiple variables are stored in one column
c. Column headers are values, not variable names
d. Multiple types of observational units are stored in the same table
e. A single observational unit is stored in multiple tables
a. Column headers are values, not variable names - ANS ✔✔For a given tissue type, the
concentration of chlorophyll a was measured per kilogram of tissue for each tissue type for 100
different plant species. The frequency of each chlorophyll concentration range, in number of
plant species within that range, is displayed below. How is the data, as configured, untidy?
a. Column headers are values, not variable names
b. Variables are stored in both rows and columns
c. Multiple variables are stored in one column
d. Multiple types of observational units are stored in the same table
e. A single observational unit is stored in multiple tables
a. A single observational unit is stored in multiple tables - ANS ✔✔The mRNA levels for the 20
highest expressing genes for Tissue 1 were stored in Table 1, the levels of Tissue 2 were stored
in Table 2, and so on for 7 different tissue types. How is the data, as configured, untidy?
, a. A single observational unit is stored in multiple tables
b. Multiple variables are stored in one column
c. Column headers are values, not variable names
d. Multiple types of observational units are stored in the same table
e. ariables are stored in both rows and columns
a. Multiple types of observational units are stored in the same table - ANS ✔✔What if Feature
Table for NGS, registering the number of hits for each read, also contained the full 150 base
sequence for every read? How would the data, as configured, be untidy?
a. Multiple types of observational units are stored in the same table
b. Multiple variables are stored in one column
c. Column headers are values, not variable names
d. single observational unit is stored in multiple tables
e. Variables are stored in both rows and columns
a. Multiple variables are stored in one column - ANS ✔✔The average lipid content (mg/ml) in
blood was measured for a sampling of 120 lean (ln) and 120 obese (ob) people given three
different kinds of diets (Diet 1, 2 or 3). The data is displayed on the table below. How is the data,
as configured, untidy?
a. Multiple variables are stored in one column
b. Multiple types of observational units are stored in the same table
c. Column headers are values, not variable names
d. A single observational unit is stored in multiple tables
e. Variables are stored in both rows and columns