US history 1302 Exam 1 Questions with Correct Answers Latest Update 2025/2026
Lincoln's Reconstruction - Answers A plan that offered reinstatement for Southern states as
long as 10% of the state swore allegiance to the Union. This was created in an attempt to create
a moderate peace plan that wouldn't upset the South.
Thirteenth Amendment - Answers Abolished slavery
Freedmen's Bureau - Answers 1865 - Agency set up to aid former slaves in adjusting themselves
to freedom. It furnished food and clothing to needy blacks and helped them get jobs
Presidential Reconstruction - Answers was the President's idea of reconstruction : all states had
to end slavery, states had to declare that their secession was illegal, and men had to pledge
their loyalty to the U.S.
"Black Codes" - Answers laws passed in the south just after the civil war aimed at controlling
freedmen and enabling plantation owners to exploit african american workers
Radical Republicans - Answers After presidential reconstruction, it was good for former slaves
but its replaced later on. The death of reconstruction
Civil Rights Act (1866) - Answers Passed by Congress on 9th April 1866 over the veto of
President Andrew Johnson. The act declared that all persons born in the United States were
now citizens, without regard to race, color, or previous condition.
Fourteenth Amendment - Answers A constitutional amendment giving full rights of citizenship
to all people born or naturalized in the United States, except for American Indians.
Sharecropping - Answers A system used on southern farms after the Civil War in which farmers
worked land owned by someone else in return for a small portion of the crops.
Carpetbaggers - Answers A northerner who went to the South immediately after the Civil War;
especially one who tried to gain political advantage or other advantages from the disorganized
situation in southern states;
Fifteenth Amendment - Answers 1870 constitutional amendment that guaranteed voting rights
regardless of race or previous condition of servitude
Centennial Exposition (1876) - Answers Held in Philadelphia 1876, celebrate 100th anniversary
of Declaration of Independence, focus on machinery and inventions
Vertical and Horizontal Integration - Answers beginnings of trusts (destruction of competition);
vertical- controlling every aspect of production (control quality, eliminate middlemen -
Rockefeller); horizontal- consolidating with competitors to monopolize a market (highly
detrimental)
Great Uprising (1877) - Answers Railroad workers on strike sparked The Great Uprising of 1877.
, The strike was due mainly in part to the economic downturn beginning in 1873. This eventually
led railroad companies to lower wages causing uproar and inducing the 1877 Uprisings.
Knights of Labor - Answers one of the most important American labor organizations of the 19th
century, demanded an end to child and convict labor, equal pay for women, a progressive
income tax, and the cooperative employer-employee ownership of mines and factories; replaced
by AF of L after a botched protest
Haymarket Square Riot - Answers A demonstration of striking laborers in Chicago in 1886 that
turned violent, killing a dozen people and injuring over a hundred.
American Federation of Labor - Answers 1886; founded by Samuel Gompers; sought better
wages, hours, working conditions; skilled laborers, arose out of dissatisfaction with the Knights
of Labor, rejected socialist and communist ideas, non-violent.
Collective Bargaining - Answers Process by which a union representing a group of workers
negotiates with management for a contract
Great Migration - Answers (WW) , movement of over 300,000 African American from the rural
south into Northern cities between 1914 and 1920
New Middle Class - Answers middle-income workers whose earnings come from knowledge-
based services, such as professions, rather than form ownership of physical capital
Federal Indian Policy (broadly speaking) - Answers This policy is the way in which the Indian
Tribes have been managed by the United States Government. This policy has changed over the
many years and includes Indian relocation, allotment and assimilation.
Sand Creek Massacre (1864) - Answers An attack on a village of sleeping Cheyenne Indians by a
regiment of Colorado militiamen that resulted in the death of more than 200 tribal members.
Showed increasing violence in treatment of Native Americans
Sioux Wars - Answers lasted from 1876-1877. These were spectacular clashes between the
Sioux Indians and white men. They were spurred by gold-greedy miners rushing into Sioux land.
The white men were breaking their treaty with the Indians. The Sioux Indians wre led by Sitting
Bull and they were pushed by Custer's forces. Custer led these forces until he was killed at the
battle at Little Bighorn. Many of the Indian were finally forced into Canada, where they were
forced by starvation to surrender.
Battle of the Little Bighorn (1876) - Answers (Custer's Last Stand) battle between Lakota and
Northern Cheyenne, led by Sitting Bull, against the 7th Cavalry Regiment of the US Army; Indians
won
The Nez Perce - Answers The federal government attempted to force them onto a reservation
because they found gold there
Lincoln's Reconstruction - Answers A plan that offered reinstatement for Southern states as
long as 10% of the state swore allegiance to the Union. This was created in an attempt to create
a moderate peace plan that wouldn't upset the South.
Thirteenth Amendment - Answers Abolished slavery
Freedmen's Bureau - Answers 1865 - Agency set up to aid former slaves in adjusting themselves
to freedom. It furnished food and clothing to needy blacks and helped them get jobs
Presidential Reconstruction - Answers was the President's idea of reconstruction : all states had
to end slavery, states had to declare that their secession was illegal, and men had to pledge
their loyalty to the U.S.
"Black Codes" - Answers laws passed in the south just after the civil war aimed at controlling
freedmen and enabling plantation owners to exploit african american workers
Radical Republicans - Answers After presidential reconstruction, it was good for former slaves
but its replaced later on. The death of reconstruction
Civil Rights Act (1866) - Answers Passed by Congress on 9th April 1866 over the veto of
President Andrew Johnson. The act declared that all persons born in the United States were
now citizens, without regard to race, color, or previous condition.
Fourteenth Amendment - Answers A constitutional amendment giving full rights of citizenship
to all people born or naturalized in the United States, except for American Indians.
Sharecropping - Answers A system used on southern farms after the Civil War in which farmers
worked land owned by someone else in return for a small portion of the crops.
Carpetbaggers - Answers A northerner who went to the South immediately after the Civil War;
especially one who tried to gain political advantage or other advantages from the disorganized
situation in southern states;
Fifteenth Amendment - Answers 1870 constitutional amendment that guaranteed voting rights
regardless of race or previous condition of servitude
Centennial Exposition (1876) - Answers Held in Philadelphia 1876, celebrate 100th anniversary
of Declaration of Independence, focus on machinery and inventions
Vertical and Horizontal Integration - Answers beginnings of trusts (destruction of competition);
vertical- controlling every aspect of production (control quality, eliminate middlemen -
Rockefeller); horizontal- consolidating with competitors to monopolize a market (highly
detrimental)
Great Uprising (1877) - Answers Railroad workers on strike sparked The Great Uprising of 1877.
, The strike was due mainly in part to the economic downturn beginning in 1873. This eventually
led railroad companies to lower wages causing uproar and inducing the 1877 Uprisings.
Knights of Labor - Answers one of the most important American labor organizations of the 19th
century, demanded an end to child and convict labor, equal pay for women, a progressive
income tax, and the cooperative employer-employee ownership of mines and factories; replaced
by AF of L after a botched protest
Haymarket Square Riot - Answers A demonstration of striking laborers in Chicago in 1886 that
turned violent, killing a dozen people and injuring over a hundred.
American Federation of Labor - Answers 1886; founded by Samuel Gompers; sought better
wages, hours, working conditions; skilled laborers, arose out of dissatisfaction with the Knights
of Labor, rejected socialist and communist ideas, non-violent.
Collective Bargaining - Answers Process by which a union representing a group of workers
negotiates with management for a contract
Great Migration - Answers (WW) , movement of over 300,000 African American from the rural
south into Northern cities between 1914 and 1920
New Middle Class - Answers middle-income workers whose earnings come from knowledge-
based services, such as professions, rather than form ownership of physical capital
Federal Indian Policy (broadly speaking) - Answers This policy is the way in which the Indian
Tribes have been managed by the United States Government. This policy has changed over the
many years and includes Indian relocation, allotment and assimilation.
Sand Creek Massacre (1864) - Answers An attack on a village of sleeping Cheyenne Indians by a
regiment of Colorado militiamen that resulted in the death of more than 200 tribal members.
Showed increasing violence in treatment of Native Americans
Sioux Wars - Answers lasted from 1876-1877. These were spectacular clashes between the
Sioux Indians and white men. They were spurred by gold-greedy miners rushing into Sioux land.
The white men were breaking their treaty with the Indians. The Sioux Indians wre led by Sitting
Bull and they were pushed by Custer's forces. Custer led these forces until he was killed at the
battle at Little Bighorn. Many of the Indian were finally forced into Canada, where they were
forced by starvation to surrender.
Battle of the Little Bighorn (1876) - Answers (Custer's Last Stand) battle between Lakota and
Northern Cheyenne, led by Sitting Bull, against the 7th Cavalry Regiment of the US Army; Indians
won
The Nez Perce - Answers The federal government attempted to force them onto a reservation
because they found gold there
