UTA BIOL 1441 Exam 2 Questions with Correct Answers Latest Update 2025/2026
Metabolism - Answers Total sum of organism's chemical reactions.
Complicated and interconnected in living cells
Catabolic pathways/reactions
(example) - Answers Break down complex molecules to simpler ones
Release E
Ex. Cellular Respiration - sugar glucose broken down to CO2 and H2O
Anabolic Pathways/reactions
(example) - Answers Consume E to build complicated molecules from simpler ones.
Ex. Photosynthesis
Heat/Thermal Energy - Answers kinetic E of random movement of atoms/molecules
System - Answers collection of matter being studied under Laws of Thermodynamics
Surroundings - Answers Everything outside system
Isolated (closed) system - Answers Unable to exchange E or matter with surroundings
Ex. Liquid in thermos
Open system - Answers energy and matter can be transferred between system and
surroundings
First Law of Thermodynamics - Answers Energy cannot be created or destroyed.
Energy of the universe is constant
Second Law of Thermodynamics - Answers Every E transformation or transfer increases
entropy of the universe
Entropy - Answers randomness/disorganization
Heat - most disordered E
Spontaneous reactions increase entropy
Energy of Living Systems - Answers Highly organized
Require continuous input of E to maintain organization.
, Open systems in terms of E
Free Energy (G) - Answers -Part of a system's E that can do work when temp and pressure
constant
delta G system = delta H - T*delta S
-delta H = change in system's total E
-T = absolute Temp (Kelvin)
-delta S - change in system's entropy
Spontaneous Processes - Answers -negative delta G = release E/entropy increases
-system has less E after process occurs
G Stability - Answers G is measure of instability of system
-more stable after E loss
Nonspontaneous Processes - Answers positive delta G
delta G = - Answers G(final state) - G(initial state)
Equilibrium - Answers - state of maximum stability
-No net change in G
Exergonic reaction - Answers E released = negative delta G = spontaneous
ex. Cellular Respiration:
Glucose catabolized into CO2 and
H2O.
E captured and used to regenerate ATP from ADP and phosphate groups
E stored in ATP used to power cellular metabolism
Endergonic reaction - Answers E absorbed = positive delta G = nonspontaneous
Stores free E in molecules
ex. Photosynthesis
Sugars synthesized
Metabolism - Answers Total sum of organism's chemical reactions.
Complicated and interconnected in living cells
Catabolic pathways/reactions
(example) - Answers Break down complex molecules to simpler ones
Release E
Ex. Cellular Respiration - sugar glucose broken down to CO2 and H2O
Anabolic Pathways/reactions
(example) - Answers Consume E to build complicated molecules from simpler ones.
Ex. Photosynthesis
Heat/Thermal Energy - Answers kinetic E of random movement of atoms/molecules
System - Answers collection of matter being studied under Laws of Thermodynamics
Surroundings - Answers Everything outside system
Isolated (closed) system - Answers Unable to exchange E or matter with surroundings
Ex. Liquid in thermos
Open system - Answers energy and matter can be transferred between system and
surroundings
First Law of Thermodynamics - Answers Energy cannot be created or destroyed.
Energy of the universe is constant
Second Law of Thermodynamics - Answers Every E transformation or transfer increases
entropy of the universe
Entropy - Answers randomness/disorganization
Heat - most disordered E
Spontaneous reactions increase entropy
Energy of Living Systems - Answers Highly organized
Require continuous input of E to maintain organization.
, Open systems in terms of E
Free Energy (G) - Answers -Part of a system's E that can do work when temp and pressure
constant
delta G system = delta H - T*delta S
-delta H = change in system's total E
-T = absolute Temp (Kelvin)
-delta S - change in system's entropy
Spontaneous Processes - Answers -negative delta G = release E/entropy increases
-system has less E after process occurs
G Stability - Answers G is measure of instability of system
-more stable after E loss
Nonspontaneous Processes - Answers positive delta G
delta G = - Answers G(final state) - G(initial state)
Equilibrium - Answers - state of maximum stability
-No net change in G
Exergonic reaction - Answers E released = negative delta G = spontaneous
ex. Cellular Respiration:
Glucose catabolized into CO2 and
H2O.
E captured and used to regenerate ATP from ADP and phosphate groups
E stored in ATP used to power cellular metabolism
Endergonic reaction - Answers E absorbed = positive delta G = nonspontaneous
Stores free E in molecules
ex. Photosynthesis
Sugars synthesized
