APHY 102 Midterm Exam - Ivy Tech
Questions and Answers Graded A+
What is a hormone and how does it act? - Correct answer-Hormones are chemical
messengers that are responsible for regulation. They are secreted into body fluids,
mainly blood. It has specific actions on target tissues, which are any tissue that has
specific receptors for that particular hormone.
What is a paracrine gland? - Correct answer-a secretion that enters interstitial fluid
but affects only neighboring cells
What is an autocrine gland? - Correct answer-A secretion that only affects the
secreting cell.
What is an endocrine gland? - Correct answer-A gland that secretes a substance (a
hormone) into the bloodstream and act on target cells
What is an exocrine gland? - Correct answer-A ducted gland that produces a
secretion onto a body surface.
Where is the thymus located? - Correct answer-mediastinum; behind the sternum
Where is the pineal gland located? - Correct answer-center of brain
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,Where are the reproductive organs located? - Correct answer-abdomen; pelvic
Where is the pituitary gland located? - Correct answer-sella turcica of the sphenoid
bone; base of the brain
Where are the adrenal glands located? - Correct answer-on top of each kidney
Where is the pancreas located? - Correct answer-posterior to the stomach
What are the two steroid hormones? - Correct answer-Sex hormones and adrenal
cortex hormones; estrogen and testosterone
Describe steroid hormones - Correct answer--diffuse through cell membranes into
cytoplasm or nucleus
-combine with a receptor molecule binding to DNA
-promote transcription of mRNA
-mRNA enters cytoplasm directing protein synthesis
Describe non-steroid hormones. - Correct answer-Amines, proteins, peptides, and
glycoproteins. The endocrine gland secretes nonsteroid hormones, which body
fluid carries hormone to its target cell. Hormone combines with receptor site on
membrane of its target cell, activating G protein. Cellular changes produce the
hormone's effects.
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, How is the anterior pituitary gland different than the posterior pituitary gland? -
Correct answer-The anterior pituitary becomes an endocrine gland producing and
secreting hormones for the body and connects to the posterior pituitary when fully
formed. Meanwhile, the posterior pituitary remains connected to the hypothalamus,
functioning as a repository for hormones produced by the hypothalamus and
receiving messages from it that regulate when hormones are to be released to and
through the anterior pituitary
What regulates pituitary gland secretion? - Correct answer-Hypothalamus
Describe tropic hormones - Correct answer-stimulate other endocrine glands to
release hormones
anterior pituitary hormones - Correct answer-ACTH - controls manufacture and
secretion of certain hormones from the outer layer of the adrenal gland.
FSH - controls growth and development of follicles that house egg cells in ovaries
and stimulate production of sperm cells in the testes.
GH - stimulates cells to enlarge and more rapidly divide
LH - promotes secretion of sex hormones and allows release of egg cells from
ovaries
PRL - promotes milk production
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 3
Questions and Answers Graded A+
What is a hormone and how does it act? - Correct answer-Hormones are chemical
messengers that are responsible for regulation. They are secreted into body fluids,
mainly blood. It has specific actions on target tissues, which are any tissue that has
specific receptors for that particular hormone.
What is a paracrine gland? - Correct answer-a secretion that enters interstitial fluid
but affects only neighboring cells
What is an autocrine gland? - Correct answer-A secretion that only affects the
secreting cell.
What is an endocrine gland? - Correct answer-A gland that secretes a substance (a
hormone) into the bloodstream and act on target cells
What is an exocrine gland? - Correct answer-A ducted gland that produces a
secretion onto a body surface.
Where is the thymus located? - Correct answer-mediastinum; behind the sternum
Where is the pineal gland located? - Correct answer-center of brain
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
,Where are the reproductive organs located? - Correct answer-abdomen; pelvic
Where is the pituitary gland located? - Correct answer-sella turcica of the sphenoid
bone; base of the brain
Where are the adrenal glands located? - Correct answer-on top of each kidney
Where is the pancreas located? - Correct answer-posterior to the stomach
What are the two steroid hormones? - Correct answer-Sex hormones and adrenal
cortex hormones; estrogen and testosterone
Describe steroid hormones - Correct answer--diffuse through cell membranes into
cytoplasm or nucleus
-combine with a receptor molecule binding to DNA
-promote transcription of mRNA
-mRNA enters cytoplasm directing protein synthesis
Describe non-steroid hormones. - Correct answer-Amines, proteins, peptides, and
glycoproteins. The endocrine gland secretes nonsteroid hormones, which body
fluid carries hormone to its target cell. Hormone combines with receptor site on
membrane of its target cell, activating G protein. Cellular changes produce the
hormone's effects.
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
, How is the anterior pituitary gland different than the posterior pituitary gland? -
Correct answer-The anterior pituitary becomes an endocrine gland producing and
secreting hormones for the body and connects to the posterior pituitary when fully
formed. Meanwhile, the posterior pituitary remains connected to the hypothalamus,
functioning as a repository for hormones produced by the hypothalamus and
receiving messages from it that regulate when hormones are to be released to and
through the anterior pituitary
What regulates pituitary gland secretion? - Correct answer-Hypothalamus
Describe tropic hormones - Correct answer-stimulate other endocrine glands to
release hormones
anterior pituitary hormones - Correct answer-ACTH - controls manufacture and
secretion of certain hormones from the outer layer of the adrenal gland.
FSH - controls growth and development of follicles that house egg cells in ovaries
and stimulate production of sperm cells in the testes.
GH - stimulates cells to enlarge and more rapidly divide
LH - promotes secretion of sex hormones and allows release of egg cells from
ovaries
PRL - promotes milk production
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 3
