PSL300 Midterm 1 Content Exam
Questions and Answers Graded A+
Homeostasis - Correct answer-Regulation of intercellular ions and maintain
optimal values for molecule levels
Dynamic Steady State - Correct answer-When ECF and ICF are both stable, it's
NOT when they are in equilibrium
ECF has high levels of what ion(s)? - Correct answer-Na and Cl. And low levels of
K
Formal definition of a hormone - Correct answer-Substance secreted from cell(s)
into blood stream and exerts a regulatory action at low concentrations on a distant
target
What are the 2 type of hormone secretions? - Correct answer-Neuroendocrine and
paracrine
2 types of cells the epithelial cell differentiates into? - Correct answer-Exocrine -
around ducts + secretes out of cell
Endocrine - secretes into duct, polarized.
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,4 cell responses - Correct answer-Local (via gap junctions), Contact dependant
signal, paracrine and autocrine (cell acts on itself)
Connexins - Correct answer-Connection of membranes between 2 adjacent cells
Where are neuroendocrine hormones released from, and into where? - Correct
answer-Neurons and released into blood
Negative Feedback - Correct answer-Response that feeds back to stop stimulus.
Stabilizing, homeostatic
Positive Feedback - Correct answer-Reinforces stimulus.
Biological Rhythms - Correct answer-Daily spikes and troughs of temperature and
cortisol. High temp when you wake up
Methods used to identify hormones - Correct answer-1. Remove gland and see
effects
2. Replace gland or the extract of the gland
3. Implant extra gland or increase extract
4. Purify extract and test for effect
Why did it take so long to ID the 1st hormone? - Correct answer-1. hormones
excreted in very low concentrations
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, 2. Chemical separation was inaccurate + hard will small concentrations
3. Not seen as important because they thought homeostasis was controlled by brain
3 Types of hormones - Correct answer-Protein, Steroid, Amines
Common properties of all hormones - Correct answer-- Most travel through blood
to target
- Bind receptors
- Dependant on cell signalling pathway
- Switched off after activating cell response - can't always be on
- Maintain homeostasis or cause change PSL systems
Which hormone type is the most common? The least common? - Correct answer-
Most: Peptide
Lease: Amines
Give 3 qualities of a peptide hormone. - Correct answer-- Synthesized in advanced
+ stored in vesicle (packed in golgi)
- Released via exocytosis
- Travels through blood to target
- 3+ Amino acids
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Questions and Answers Graded A+
Homeostasis - Correct answer-Regulation of intercellular ions and maintain
optimal values for molecule levels
Dynamic Steady State - Correct answer-When ECF and ICF are both stable, it's
NOT when they are in equilibrium
ECF has high levels of what ion(s)? - Correct answer-Na and Cl. And low levels of
K
Formal definition of a hormone - Correct answer-Substance secreted from cell(s)
into blood stream and exerts a regulatory action at low concentrations on a distant
target
What are the 2 type of hormone secretions? - Correct answer-Neuroendocrine and
paracrine
2 types of cells the epithelial cell differentiates into? - Correct answer-Exocrine -
around ducts + secretes out of cell
Endocrine - secretes into duct, polarized.
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
,4 cell responses - Correct answer-Local (via gap junctions), Contact dependant
signal, paracrine and autocrine (cell acts on itself)
Connexins - Correct answer-Connection of membranes between 2 adjacent cells
Where are neuroendocrine hormones released from, and into where? - Correct
answer-Neurons and released into blood
Negative Feedback - Correct answer-Response that feeds back to stop stimulus.
Stabilizing, homeostatic
Positive Feedback - Correct answer-Reinforces stimulus.
Biological Rhythms - Correct answer-Daily spikes and troughs of temperature and
cortisol. High temp when you wake up
Methods used to identify hormones - Correct answer-1. Remove gland and see
effects
2. Replace gland or the extract of the gland
3. Implant extra gland or increase extract
4. Purify extract and test for effect
Why did it take so long to ID the 1st hormone? - Correct answer-1. hormones
excreted in very low concentrations
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
, 2. Chemical separation was inaccurate + hard will small concentrations
3. Not seen as important because they thought homeostasis was controlled by brain
3 Types of hormones - Correct answer-Protein, Steroid, Amines
Common properties of all hormones - Correct answer-- Most travel through blood
to target
- Bind receptors
- Dependant on cell signalling pathway
- Switched off after activating cell response - can't always be on
- Maintain homeostasis or cause change PSL systems
Which hormone type is the most common? The least common? - Correct answer-
Most: Peptide
Lease: Amines
Give 3 qualities of a peptide hormone. - Correct answer-- Synthesized in advanced
+ stored in vesicle (packed in golgi)
- Released via exocytosis
- Travels through blood to target
- 3+ Amino acids
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 3
