NIFE Aero Enabling Objectives
Exam Questions and Answers
Rated 100% Correct
What is the definition and equation for Total Drag? - Answer--DT= DP + DI
-The sum of parasite drag and induced drag
What are the effects of changes of velocity on total drag? - Answer--At low velocity total
drag is high due to induced drag.
-Total drag then lowers to its minimum at L/D max, where parasite drag and induced
drag are equal.
-As this velocity is passed, total drag increases again as parasite drag begins to
increase sharply.
Explain the importance of L/D Max (Lift/Drag ratio Max): - Answer--At L/D max AoA,
parasite drag and induced drag are equal. induced dominates at lower velocities and
parasitic at higher velocities.
-L/D max AOA produces the greatest ratio of lift to drag.
-L/D max AOA is the most efficient angle of attack (wing efficiency)Increase in weight or
altitude will increase L/D max airspeed, but will not affect L/D max or L/D max AOA.
What is the definition of the boundary layer? - Answer--The layer of airflow over. surface
that demonstrates local airflow retardation due to viscosity.
Describe the different types of flow within the boundary layer: - Answer--Laminar- air
moves smoothly along streamlines.
-Turbulent- the streamlines break up and flow disorganized and irregular.
Describe boundary layer separation in regards to adverse pressure gradient: - Answer--
As air flows aft from lower static pressure to higher static pressure, it encounters an
adverse pressure gradient which impedes the flow of the boundary layer.
What is the definition of a stall? - Answer-An increase in AOA results in a decrease in
the CoL resulting in decreased lift, increased drag, and an altitude loss.
What is the difference between a true and an indicated stall speed? - Answer-The
indicated airspeed at which an aircraft stalls can be considered constant, but the true
airspeed at which it stallsincreases with altitude.
, What are the effects of gross weight, altitude, and flaps given the stall speed equation?
- Answer--Weight- as weight decreases, stall speed decreases because the amount of
lift required to maintain level flight decreases.
-Altitude- As altitude increases, stall speed increases.
-Extending the flaps will decrease stall speed.
-Raising flaps will increase camber and increase stall speed
What is the difference between speeds with respect to power-on and power-off stalls? -
Answer-Power-on stall speed is less than power-off stall speed because at pitch
attitudes, part of the weight of the aircraft is being supported by the vertical component
of the thrust vector.
Describe the factors necessary to cause an aircraft to spin: - Answer-The aircraft must
be stalled and yaw must be present.
Describe the relationships between the wings during a spin: - Answer-The wings are
unbalanced and there is a difference in AOA between them
Describe the process and actions necessary to recover from a spin: - Answer-The pilot
must reduce AOA and use opposite rudder to correct the yaw input.
In terms of stall speeds, what should the takeoff and landing speeds be? - Answer--
Takeoff- the minimum airspeed is 20% above the power-off stall speed.
-Landing- speed should be 30% higher than stall speed.
Describe the effects on takeoff and landing performance given variations in weight,
altitude, temperature, and humidity: - Answer--Whenever 3 of the 4-H club components
are present, expect extended takeoff and landing distances. (high, hot, humid, heavy)
What are the definitions for the Max Angle of Climb and Max Rate of Climb? - Answer--
Max Angle- gaining the most altitude in a given distance
-Max Rate-the greatest vertical distance must be gained in the shortest time possible.
What are the requirements to yield max range and max endurance in relation to the
power curve? - Answer--Max Endurance- Velocity must be less than L/D Max, and the
AOA must be greater than L/D Max
-Max Range- L/D Max AOA and velocity
Describe the effect of altitude on max range and max endurance performance: -
Answer-Both Max range and endurance increase with an increase in altitude.
What are the definitions of maximum glide range and maximum glide endurance? -
Answer--Max Range- Maximum DISTANCE traveled for a given amount of fuel
-Max Endurance- Maximum TIME airborne for a given amount of fuel
Exam Questions and Answers
Rated 100% Correct
What is the definition and equation for Total Drag? - Answer--DT= DP + DI
-The sum of parasite drag and induced drag
What are the effects of changes of velocity on total drag? - Answer--At low velocity total
drag is high due to induced drag.
-Total drag then lowers to its minimum at L/D max, where parasite drag and induced
drag are equal.
-As this velocity is passed, total drag increases again as parasite drag begins to
increase sharply.
Explain the importance of L/D Max (Lift/Drag ratio Max): - Answer--At L/D max AoA,
parasite drag and induced drag are equal. induced dominates at lower velocities and
parasitic at higher velocities.
-L/D max AOA produces the greatest ratio of lift to drag.
-L/D max AOA is the most efficient angle of attack (wing efficiency)Increase in weight or
altitude will increase L/D max airspeed, but will not affect L/D max or L/D max AOA.
What is the definition of the boundary layer? - Answer--The layer of airflow over. surface
that demonstrates local airflow retardation due to viscosity.
Describe the different types of flow within the boundary layer: - Answer--Laminar- air
moves smoothly along streamlines.
-Turbulent- the streamlines break up and flow disorganized and irregular.
Describe boundary layer separation in regards to adverse pressure gradient: - Answer--
As air flows aft from lower static pressure to higher static pressure, it encounters an
adverse pressure gradient which impedes the flow of the boundary layer.
What is the definition of a stall? - Answer-An increase in AOA results in a decrease in
the CoL resulting in decreased lift, increased drag, and an altitude loss.
What is the difference between a true and an indicated stall speed? - Answer-The
indicated airspeed at which an aircraft stalls can be considered constant, but the true
airspeed at which it stallsincreases with altitude.
, What are the effects of gross weight, altitude, and flaps given the stall speed equation?
- Answer--Weight- as weight decreases, stall speed decreases because the amount of
lift required to maintain level flight decreases.
-Altitude- As altitude increases, stall speed increases.
-Extending the flaps will decrease stall speed.
-Raising flaps will increase camber and increase stall speed
What is the difference between speeds with respect to power-on and power-off stalls? -
Answer-Power-on stall speed is less than power-off stall speed because at pitch
attitudes, part of the weight of the aircraft is being supported by the vertical component
of the thrust vector.
Describe the factors necessary to cause an aircraft to spin: - Answer-The aircraft must
be stalled and yaw must be present.
Describe the relationships between the wings during a spin: - Answer-The wings are
unbalanced and there is a difference in AOA between them
Describe the process and actions necessary to recover from a spin: - Answer-The pilot
must reduce AOA and use opposite rudder to correct the yaw input.
In terms of stall speeds, what should the takeoff and landing speeds be? - Answer--
Takeoff- the minimum airspeed is 20% above the power-off stall speed.
-Landing- speed should be 30% higher than stall speed.
Describe the effects on takeoff and landing performance given variations in weight,
altitude, temperature, and humidity: - Answer--Whenever 3 of the 4-H club components
are present, expect extended takeoff and landing distances. (high, hot, humid, heavy)
What are the definitions for the Max Angle of Climb and Max Rate of Climb? - Answer--
Max Angle- gaining the most altitude in a given distance
-Max Rate-the greatest vertical distance must be gained in the shortest time possible.
What are the requirements to yield max range and max endurance in relation to the
power curve? - Answer--Max Endurance- Velocity must be less than L/D Max, and the
AOA must be greater than L/D Max
-Max Range- L/D Max AOA and velocity
Describe the effect of altitude on max range and max endurance performance: -
Answer-Both Max range and endurance increase with an increase in altitude.
What are the definitions of maximum glide range and maximum glide endurance? -
Answer--Max Range- Maximum DISTANCE traveled for a given amount of fuel
-Max Endurance- Maximum TIME airborne for a given amount of fuel
