NIFE - AERO EXAM STUDY GUIDE
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS
What are the effects of changing velocity on total drag? - Answer-LOOK AT TOTAL
DRAG CURVE
Velocity Increase, Total Drag Increase
Velocity Decrease, Total Drag Increase
L/D_max - Answer-Lowest total drag, greatest ratio of lift to drag
Parasite and Induced drag are equal
L/D_max AOA is the most efficient AOA (max range)
Boundary Layer - Answer-Layer of airflow over a surface that demonstrates local airflow
retardation due to viscosity
Different types of flow - Answer-Laminar: Organized flow, little friction, does not adhere
to surface well.
Turbulent: Disorganized flow, heavy frictional drag, adheres to surface well.
Adverse Pressure Gradient - Answer-Air naturally wants to move from high static to low
static pressure
At high AOAs, kinetic energy of boundary layer decreases, APG increases and allows
boundary layer separation point to move closer to leading edge. Separation point gets
too close = stall
Stall - Answer-Flight condition in which any increase in AOA will result in a decrease in
CL
Stall speed: minimum true airspeed needed to maintain level flight at CL_maxAOA;
Vs=sqrt (2W/pSCL_max)
Difference between true and indicated airspeed - Answer-Vs= sqrt(2W/pSCL_max)
IASs=sqrt(2W/p_oSCL_max)
Effects of weight, altitude, and flaps on the stall speed equation - Answer-Vs=sqrt
(2W/pSCL_max)
- Weight increase, Vs, Increase
- Density Increase, Vs Decrease
- Flaps increase CL, CL increase, Vs Decrease
Power on Stall Speed - Answer-Vertical component of thrust supports aircraft weight
, Power on Speed is less than Power off Speed
Power off Stall Speed - Answer-No vertical component of thrust = higher stall speed
Factors necessary for an airplane to spin - Answer-Uncoordinated stall
Stall and Yaw must be present
Relationships between the wings during a spin - Answer-Inside wing has higher AOA,
more drag, lower CL than outside wing
Spin Recovery - Answer-P - Power to Idle
A - Neutralize ailerons
R - Opposite Rudder
E - Forward elevator to break stall
R - Return to level flight
Stall Recovery - Answer-Relax - Relax back pressure slightly to break stall
Max - ensure or smoothly advance throttle to full power
Level - Level wings with horizon
Ball - give opposite rudder to center ball
Slipping Turn - Answer-Insufficient Rudder in direction of the turn
Nose outside turn, rate of turn decrease, radius of turn increase, ball same side of turn
needle
May be used to increase rate of descent or crosswind landings
Skidding Turn - Answer-Excessive Rudder in direction of the turn
Nose inside turn, rate of turn increased, radius of turn decreased, ball opposite side of
turn needle
Dangerous due to possibility of skidded turn stall while landing
P-Factor - Answer-When one propeller blade is making more thrust that the opposite
propeller blade.
At low airspeeds, relative wind is below the thrust line, therefore the right side propeller
generates more thrust than the left side, resulting in a left yawing action, needing right
rudder.
Slipstream Swirl - Answer-Corkscrewing airflow around the fuselage impacting the left
vertical stabilizer; causes left yaw, need right rudder
Relationship between Load Factor and angle of bank for a level, constant airspeed turn
- Answer-Ratio of Total Lift to weight; as Angle of Bank increases, the LF will increase.
In a turn, vertical lift component must be maintained in order to oppose weight to
maintain level flight. Can increase total lift by increases back stick pressure and add
power to counteract the increase in Di
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS
What are the effects of changing velocity on total drag? - Answer-LOOK AT TOTAL
DRAG CURVE
Velocity Increase, Total Drag Increase
Velocity Decrease, Total Drag Increase
L/D_max - Answer-Lowest total drag, greatest ratio of lift to drag
Parasite and Induced drag are equal
L/D_max AOA is the most efficient AOA (max range)
Boundary Layer - Answer-Layer of airflow over a surface that demonstrates local airflow
retardation due to viscosity
Different types of flow - Answer-Laminar: Organized flow, little friction, does not adhere
to surface well.
Turbulent: Disorganized flow, heavy frictional drag, adheres to surface well.
Adverse Pressure Gradient - Answer-Air naturally wants to move from high static to low
static pressure
At high AOAs, kinetic energy of boundary layer decreases, APG increases and allows
boundary layer separation point to move closer to leading edge. Separation point gets
too close = stall
Stall - Answer-Flight condition in which any increase in AOA will result in a decrease in
CL
Stall speed: minimum true airspeed needed to maintain level flight at CL_maxAOA;
Vs=sqrt (2W/pSCL_max)
Difference between true and indicated airspeed - Answer-Vs= sqrt(2W/pSCL_max)
IASs=sqrt(2W/p_oSCL_max)
Effects of weight, altitude, and flaps on the stall speed equation - Answer-Vs=sqrt
(2W/pSCL_max)
- Weight increase, Vs, Increase
- Density Increase, Vs Decrease
- Flaps increase CL, CL increase, Vs Decrease
Power on Stall Speed - Answer-Vertical component of thrust supports aircraft weight
, Power on Speed is less than Power off Speed
Power off Stall Speed - Answer-No vertical component of thrust = higher stall speed
Factors necessary for an airplane to spin - Answer-Uncoordinated stall
Stall and Yaw must be present
Relationships between the wings during a spin - Answer-Inside wing has higher AOA,
more drag, lower CL than outside wing
Spin Recovery - Answer-P - Power to Idle
A - Neutralize ailerons
R - Opposite Rudder
E - Forward elevator to break stall
R - Return to level flight
Stall Recovery - Answer-Relax - Relax back pressure slightly to break stall
Max - ensure or smoothly advance throttle to full power
Level - Level wings with horizon
Ball - give opposite rudder to center ball
Slipping Turn - Answer-Insufficient Rudder in direction of the turn
Nose outside turn, rate of turn decrease, radius of turn increase, ball same side of turn
needle
May be used to increase rate of descent or crosswind landings
Skidding Turn - Answer-Excessive Rudder in direction of the turn
Nose inside turn, rate of turn increased, radius of turn decreased, ball opposite side of
turn needle
Dangerous due to possibility of skidded turn stall while landing
P-Factor - Answer-When one propeller blade is making more thrust that the opposite
propeller blade.
At low airspeeds, relative wind is below the thrust line, therefore the right side propeller
generates more thrust than the left side, resulting in a left yawing action, needing right
rudder.
Slipstream Swirl - Answer-Corkscrewing airflow around the fuselage impacting the left
vertical stabilizer; causes left yaw, need right rudder
Relationship between Load Factor and angle of bank for a level, constant airspeed turn
- Answer-Ratio of Total Lift to weight; as Angle of Bank increases, the LF will increase.
In a turn, vertical lift component must be maintained in order to oppose weight to
maintain level flight. Can increase total lift by increases back stick pressure and add
power to counteract the increase in Di
