PubH 6503 Exam Questions with Correct Answers Latest Update 2025/2026
Health Communication - Answers discourse between two or more people about one's health
and the actions to take improve
individual, intrapersonal, communities, organizations, society
Increase the intended audience's knowledge and awareness of a health issue, problem, or
solution •
Influence perceptions, beliefs, and attitudes that may change social norms •
Prompt action
addresses the information gap
focused on primary (vaccinations) and secondary (screening) prevention
Social Marketing - Answers the use of commercial marketing concepts and tools in programs
designed to influence voluntary individuals' behavior to improve their well-being and that of
society
- focuses on behavior and not awareness or attitude change
4 P's or marketing mix
addresses information gap
voluntary exchange of a target market based on the mutual fulfillment of self-interest
What are the 4 P's of Social Marketing? - Answers Product, Price, Place, Promotion
,also known as the marketing mix
Product - Answers what the program is trying to change within the intended audience and what
the audience stands to gain
- can be tangible or intangible
Price - Answers what the consumer must give up in order to receive the program's benefits
(these costs may be intangible [e.g., changes in beliefs or habits] or tangible [e.g., money, time,
or travel])
minimizes barriers and increase benefits
- can be tangible or intangible
Promotion - Answers how the exchange is communicated (e.g., appeals used)
Place - Answers what channels the program uses to reach the intended audience (e.g., mass
media, community, or interpersonal)
Media advocacy - Answers seeks to change the social and political environment in which
decisions that affect health and health resources are made by influencing the mass media's
selection of topics and by shaping the debate about those topics
- individual as advocate
- advances health public policies
- addresses power gap
ex: Support regulatory or policy changes to limit access to tobacco
Health Literacy - Answers capacity to obtain, process, and understand basic health information
and services needed to make appropriate health decisions
dependent on:
1. culture and social influences
, 2. demands of message
3. demands of the situation or context
Individual: Health literacy is mediated by education, culture, and language
Societal : communication skills of health providers, ability of institutions to provide information
in a way which is appropriate to literacy levels
Media literacy - Answers ability to encode and decode the symbols transmitted via media and
ability to synthesize, analyze, and produce meaningful information
- develop critical thinking skills
- recognize bias, spin information, and lies
What does public health communication begin with? - Answers data -- surveillance and field
epidemiology
People and Places Framework - Answers - applies the ecological model to PHCM
- Specifies how individuals and their health behaviors are influenced by PHMC
- The framework identifies the attributes of people (as individuals, as social networks, and as
communities or populations) and places that influence health behaviors and health.
Communication can be used in a variety of ways to foster beneficial change among both people
(e.g., activating social support for smoking cessation among peers) and places (e.g., convincing
city officials to ban smoking in public venues).
Similarly, marketing can be used to foster beneficial change among both people (e.g., by making
nicotine replacement therapy more accessible and affordable) and places (e.g., by providing city
officials with model anti-tobacco legislation that can be adapted for use in their jurisdiction).
Ecological model - - Answers health of population is influenced by people, environment, and the
Health Communication - Answers discourse between two or more people about one's health
and the actions to take improve
individual, intrapersonal, communities, organizations, society
Increase the intended audience's knowledge and awareness of a health issue, problem, or
solution •
Influence perceptions, beliefs, and attitudes that may change social norms •
Prompt action
addresses the information gap
focused on primary (vaccinations) and secondary (screening) prevention
Social Marketing - Answers the use of commercial marketing concepts and tools in programs
designed to influence voluntary individuals' behavior to improve their well-being and that of
society
- focuses on behavior and not awareness or attitude change
4 P's or marketing mix
addresses information gap
voluntary exchange of a target market based on the mutual fulfillment of self-interest
What are the 4 P's of Social Marketing? - Answers Product, Price, Place, Promotion
,also known as the marketing mix
Product - Answers what the program is trying to change within the intended audience and what
the audience stands to gain
- can be tangible or intangible
Price - Answers what the consumer must give up in order to receive the program's benefits
(these costs may be intangible [e.g., changes in beliefs or habits] or tangible [e.g., money, time,
or travel])
minimizes barriers and increase benefits
- can be tangible or intangible
Promotion - Answers how the exchange is communicated (e.g., appeals used)
Place - Answers what channels the program uses to reach the intended audience (e.g., mass
media, community, or interpersonal)
Media advocacy - Answers seeks to change the social and political environment in which
decisions that affect health and health resources are made by influencing the mass media's
selection of topics and by shaping the debate about those topics
- individual as advocate
- advances health public policies
- addresses power gap
ex: Support regulatory or policy changes to limit access to tobacco
Health Literacy - Answers capacity to obtain, process, and understand basic health information
and services needed to make appropriate health decisions
dependent on:
1. culture and social influences
, 2. demands of message
3. demands of the situation or context
Individual: Health literacy is mediated by education, culture, and language
Societal : communication skills of health providers, ability of institutions to provide information
in a way which is appropriate to literacy levels
Media literacy - Answers ability to encode and decode the symbols transmitted via media and
ability to synthesize, analyze, and produce meaningful information
- develop critical thinking skills
- recognize bias, spin information, and lies
What does public health communication begin with? - Answers data -- surveillance and field
epidemiology
People and Places Framework - Answers - applies the ecological model to PHCM
- Specifies how individuals and their health behaviors are influenced by PHMC
- The framework identifies the attributes of people (as individuals, as social networks, and as
communities or populations) and places that influence health behaviors and health.
Communication can be used in a variety of ways to foster beneficial change among both people
(e.g., activating social support for smoking cessation among peers) and places (e.g., convincing
city officials to ban smoking in public venues).
Similarly, marketing can be used to foster beneficial change among both people (e.g., by making
nicotine replacement therapy more accessible and affordable) and places (e.g., by providing city
officials with model anti-tobacco legislation that can be adapted for use in their jurisdiction).
Ecological model - - Answers health of population is influenced by people, environment, and the
