MNT Exam Questions with Correct Answers Latest Update 2025/2026
MNT for atherosclerosis - Answers 35% calories from fat, <7% from sat fat, <200mg cholesterol,
5-10% PUFA, 20% MUFA, 25-30g fiber (esp soluble), 2-3g plant stanols/sterols
MNT for CHF - Answers 2-3g sodium, 1-2L fluid, 22kcal/kg-24kcal/kg for malnutrition, 1.1-
1.4g/kg
Aspart = - Answers novolog, rapid acting
lispro= - Answers humalog, rapid acting
determir= - Answers levemir, long acting
Biguanides - Answers Metformin (glucophage)
SGLT2 inhibitors - Answers Jardiance, Invokana, Farxiga (-flozins)
GLP-1 receptor agonists - Answers Byetta, Trulicity, Ozempic (-tides)
DPP4 inhibitors - Answers Januvia, Onglyza (-gliptins)
Thiazolidinones - Answers Actos
Sulfonylureas - Answers Glimepiride, Glipizide
Gestational MNT - Answers 40-45% CHO (~175g/day) less CHO at bfast (15-30g), 3 small meals
+ 2-3 snacks
AKI MNT - Answers 1-1.3g/kg without dialysis, 1.2-1.5g/kg on dialysis, 25-40kcal/kg, low Na,
K,Phos based on labs, Fluid: output +500mL
CKD MNT - Answers 25-35 kcal/kg, protein: stage 1+2: 0.8-1.4g/kg, stage 3+4: 0.6-0.8g/kg,
Na/K/Phos restrict based on labs, phos binders, fluid based on BP and output (MD decision)
HD MNT - Answers 1.2+ g/kg of HBV protein, 35kcal/kg for <60 y/o, 30-35kcal/kg for obese or
>60 y/o, fat 25-35% calories, <7% saturated, <200mg cholesterol, Fluid: per MD or output
+1000mL, Na/K/Phos per labs, supplement Vitamin C, B6, Folate, B12, Iron, Zinc, Vitamin D
PD MNT - Answers 1.2-1.3g/kg of HBV protein, 35kcal/kg for <60 y/o, 30-35kcal/kg for obese or
>60 y/o (CONSIDER DIALYSATE CONTAINS DEXTROSE), fluid per MD, Na/Phos per labs, K
usually unrestricted, supplement Vitamin C, B6, Folate, B12, Iron, Zinc, Vitamin D, and Thiamine
d/t increased CHO
Iron def. anemia - Answers microcytic, hypochromic, low everything, high TIBC and transferrin
B6 anemia - Answers microcytic, low H/H
, B9 (folate) anemia - Answers macrocytic, low H/H
B12 anemia - Answers macrocytic aka pernicious, low H/H, high MCV/MCH
Achalasia MNT - Answers pureed/moist foods, thick liqs
GERD MNT - Answers avoid eating before bed, upright after eating, avoid tight clothes, avoid
triggers (soda, caffiene, mint, choco, acid, spicy), weight loss, PPIs, H2 blockers
Billroth 1 and 2 surgeries MNT - Answers small frequent meals, no simple sugar, fluids 30 min
before and after meals, complex carbs, supplementation Ca, Fe, B12, Folate, protein with every
meal
Gastroparesis MNT - Answers low fat, low fiber, small frequent meals of pureed/liq foods, meds:
prokinetics
celiac disease MNT - Answers GF for life, supp folate, fe, ca, fat-sol vitamins
lactose intolerance MNT - Answers no milk, dairy products, whey, use lactase, some people
tolerate butter, yogurt, hard cheese, heavy cream, sour cream, include other sources of calcium
and riboflavin or supplement
diverticulosis MNT - Answers high fiber, whole grains, beans, fruits, dried fruits, veg, nuts, seeds,
bran
diverticulitis MNT - Answers low fiber, white grains, cooked or canned f/v, smooth nut better,
gradual return to high fiber
Crohns Disease - Answers anywhere in GI: mouth to anus, primarily ileum
Ulcerative Colitis - Answers primarily affects colon and rectum
IBD MNT - Answers calories to maintain weight, protein focus, elyte balance, limit fat, add MCT,
supp ADEK, high fiber v low fiber individualized, management of sx during flare up, nutrients of
concern: Fe, Folate, b12, zinc, mg, cu, vit. D, E, K, ca, Vitamin C
IBS MNT - Answers diet as tolerated/ what each patient can tolerate, adjust diet for food
allergies/intolerances, work to alleviate stress, omit foods that cause gas, consider
pre/probiotics, low fodmap diet (diet, reintroduction, personalization)
FODMAP - Answers fermentable oligo-, di-, mono-saccharides and polyols
colostomy MNT - Answers start with clears, then low fiber solid foods x 6 weeks. After 6 weeks,
add higher fiber foods, enough fluids (mon output), small frequent meals if appetite poor, avoid
gas/odor foods,
ileostomy MNT - Answers same diet transition as colostomy, get enough fluids, higher
MNT for atherosclerosis - Answers 35% calories from fat, <7% from sat fat, <200mg cholesterol,
5-10% PUFA, 20% MUFA, 25-30g fiber (esp soluble), 2-3g plant stanols/sterols
MNT for CHF - Answers 2-3g sodium, 1-2L fluid, 22kcal/kg-24kcal/kg for malnutrition, 1.1-
1.4g/kg
Aspart = - Answers novolog, rapid acting
lispro= - Answers humalog, rapid acting
determir= - Answers levemir, long acting
Biguanides - Answers Metformin (glucophage)
SGLT2 inhibitors - Answers Jardiance, Invokana, Farxiga (-flozins)
GLP-1 receptor agonists - Answers Byetta, Trulicity, Ozempic (-tides)
DPP4 inhibitors - Answers Januvia, Onglyza (-gliptins)
Thiazolidinones - Answers Actos
Sulfonylureas - Answers Glimepiride, Glipizide
Gestational MNT - Answers 40-45% CHO (~175g/day) less CHO at bfast (15-30g), 3 small meals
+ 2-3 snacks
AKI MNT - Answers 1-1.3g/kg without dialysis, 1.2-1.5g/kg on dialysis, 25-40kcal/kg, low Na,
K,Phos based on labs, Fluid: output +500mL
CKD MNT - Answers 25-35 kcal/kg, protein: stage 1+2: 0.8-1.4g/kg, stage 3+4: 0.6-0.8g/kg,
Na/K/Phos restrict based on labs, phos binders, fluid based on BP and output (MD decision)
HD MNT - Answers 1.2+ g/kg of HBV protein, 35kcal/kg for <60 y/o, 30-35kcal/kg for obese or
>60 y/o, fat 25-35% calories, <7% saturated, <200mg cholesterol, Fluid: per MD or output
+1000mL, Na/K/Phos per labs, supplement Vitamin C, B6, Folate, B12, Iron, Zinc, Vitamin D
PD MNT - Answers 1.2-1.3g/kg of HBV protein, 35kcal/kg for <60 y/o, 30-35kcal/kg for obese or
>60 y/o (CONSIDER DIALYSATE CONTAINS DEXTROSE), fluid per MD, Na/Phos per labs, K
usually unrestricted, supplement Vitamin C, B6, Folate, B12, Iron, Zinc, Vitamin D, and Thiamine
d/t increased CHO
Iron def. anemia - Answers microcytic, hypochromic, low everything, high TIBC and transferrin
B6 anemia - Answers microcytic, low H/H
, B9 (folate) anemia - Answers macrocytic, low H/H
B12 anemia - Answers macrocytic aka pernicious, low H/H, high MCV/MCH
Achalasia MNT - Answers pureed/moist foods, thick liqs
GERD MNT - Answers avoid eating before bed, upright after eating, avoid tight clothes, avoid
triggers (soda, caffiene, mint, choco, acid, spicy), weight loss, PPIs, H2 blockers
Billroth 1 and 2 surgeries MNT - Answers small frequent meals, no simple sugar, fluids 30 min
before and after meals, complex carbs, supplementation Ca, Fe, B12, Folate, protein with every
meal
Gastroparesis MNT - Answers low fat, low fiber, small frequent meals of pureed/liq foods, meds:
prokinetics
celiac disease MNT - Answers GF for life, supp folate, fe, ca, fat-sol vitamins
lactose intolerance MNT - Answers no milk, dairy products, whey, use lactase, some people
tolerate butter, yogurt, hard cheese, heavy cream, sour cream, include other sources of calcium
and riboflavin or supplement
diverticulosis MNT - Answers high fiber, whole grains, beans, fruits, dried fruits, veg, nuts, seeds,
bran
diverticulitis MNT - Answers low fiber, white grains, cooked or canned f/v, smooth nut better,
gradual return to high fiber
Crohns Disease - Answers anywhere in GI: mouth to anus, primarily ileum
Ulcerative Colitis - Answers primarily affects colon and rectum
IBD MNT - Answers calories to maintain weight, protein focus, elyte balance, limit fat, add MCT,
supp ADEK, high fiber v low fiber individualized, management of sx during flare up, nutrients of
concern: Fe, Folate, b12, zinc, mg, cu, vit. D, E, K, ca, Vitamin C
IBS MNT - Answers diet as tolerated/ what each patient can tolerate, adjust diet for food
allergies/intolerances, work to alleviate stress, omit foods that cause gas, consider
pre/probiotics, low fodmap diet (diet, reintroduction, personalization)
FODMAP - Answers fermentable oligo-, di-, mono-saccharides and polyols
colostomy MNT - Answers start with clears, then low fiber solid foods x 6 weeks. After 6 weeks,
add higher fiber foods, enough fluids (mon output), small frequent meals if appetite poor, avoid
gas/odor foods,
ileostomy MNT - Answers same diet transition as colostomy, get enough fluids, higher
