WGU C175/D426 DATA
MANAGEMENT
FOUNDATIONS OA EXAM
NEWEST ACTUAL EXAM 2
1. What is the primary purpose of a primary key in a database table?
A. To encrypt sensitive data
B. To uniquely identify each record
C. To allow null values in a column
D. To speed up data entry
Answer: B
Explanation: A primary key uniquely identifies each record in a table, ensuring no
duplicates exist and maintaining data integrity.
2. Which of the following best defines data integrity?
A. The process of storing backups
B. Ensuring data is accurate and reliable
C. Encrypting data to prevent access
D. Designing data entry forms
Answer: B
Explanation: Data integrity refers to the accuracy, consistency, and reliability of data
throughout its lifecycle.
,3. A foreign key in a relational database is used to:
A. Improve query performance
B. Uniquely identify a table
C. Establish a relationship between tables
D. Store encrypted data
Answer: C
Explanation: A foreign key creates a link between two tables, ensuring that a value in
one table matches a primary key value in another table.
4. Which type of relationship occurs when many records in one table are associated
with many records in another?
A. One-to-One
B. One-to-Many
C. Many-to-Many
D. None of the above
Answer: C
Explanation: Many-to-many relationships allow multiple records in one table to
correspond to multiple records in another, often requiring a junction table.
5. Which of the following best describes normalization?
A. Encrypting data for security
B. Organizing data to reduce redundancy and improve integrity
C. Creating multiple backups of data
D. Optimizing database queries
Answer: B
Explanation: Normalization organizes data efficiently to minimize duplication and
maintain data integrity.
True / False
,6. A database schema defines the structure of the database including tables, fields,
and relationships.
Answer: True
Explanation: The schema acts as a blueprint for how data is stored and related within
the database.
7. Normalization always increases data redundancy.
Answer: False
Explanation: Normalization reduces redundancy by organizing data logically and
removing unnecessary duplication.
8. SQL stands for Structured Query Language.
Answer: True
Explanation: SQL is the standard language for interacting with relational databases.
9. ACID properties help ensure that database transactions are processed reliably.
Answer: True
Explanation: ACID (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability) ensures that
database operations are processed safely and correctly.
10. A surrogate key must be business-related data.
Answer: False
Explanation: A surrogate key is an artificial, system-generated key, not necessarily
tied to business data, used to uniquely identify records.
Fill in the Blank
11. The process of organizing data to reduce redundancy and improve integrity is
called ________.
Answer: Normalization
, Explanation: Normalization organizes data into tables to minimize duplication and
maintain accuracy.
12. A ________ is a named SQL query stored in the database that can be executed
repeatedly.
Answer: Stored Procedure
Explanation: Stored procedures allow reusability and efficiency in querying or
updating data without rewriting the SQL each time.
13. The SQL command used to add a new row to a table is ________.
Answer: INSERT
Explanation: INSERT adds new records to a table, which is essential for database
operations.
14. The level of database backup that only includes changes since the last full backup
is a ________ backup.
Answer: Incremental
Explanation: Incremental backups save only new or modified data since the last full
backup, saving storage and time.
15. In relational databases, tables are connected through ________ keys.
Answer: Foreign
Explanation: Foreign keys establish links between tables to enforce referential
integrity.
Short Answer / Scenario-Based
16. What is the difference between DELETE and TRUNCATE in SQL?
Answer: DELETE removes rows one at a time and allows the action to be rolled back;
TRUNCATE removes all rows at once, is faster, and cannot typically be rolled back.
Explanation: DELETE is more flexible but slower, while TRUNCATE is fast but
permanent.
MANAGEMENT
FOUNDATIONS OA EXAM
NEWEST ACTUAL EXAM 2
1. What is the primary purpose of a primary key in a database table?
A. To encrypt sensitive data
B. To uniquely identify each record
C. To allow null values in a column
D. To speed up data entry
Answer: B
Explanation: A primary key uniquely identifies each record in a table, ensuring no
duplicates exist and maintaining data integrity.
2. Which of the following best defines data integrity?
A. The process of storing backups
B. Ensuring data is accurate and reliable
C. Encrypting data to prevent access
D. Designing data entry forms
Answer: B
Explanation: Data integrity refers to the accuracy, consistency, and reliability of data
throughout its lifecycle.
,3. A foreign key in a relational database is used to:
A. Improve query performance
B. Uniquely identify a table
C. Establish a relationship between tables
D. Store encrypted data
Answer: C
Explanation: A foreign key creates a link between two tables, ensuring that a value in
one table matches a primary key value in another table.
4. Which type of relationship occurs when many records in one table are associated
with many records in another?
A. One-to-One
B. One-to-Many
C. Many-to-Many
D. None of the above
Answer: C
Explanation: Many-to-many relationships allow multiple records in one table to
correspond to multiple records in another, often requiring a junction table.
5. Which of the following best describes normalization?
A. Encrypting data for security
B. Organizing data to reduce redundancy and improve integrity
C. Creating multiple backups of data
D. Optimizing database queries
Answer: B
Explanation: Normalization organizes data efficiently to minimize duplication and
maintain data integrity.
True / False
,6. A database schema defines the structure of the database including tables, fields,
and relationships.
Answer: True
Explanation: The schema acts as a blueprint for how data is stored and related within
the database.
7. Normalization always increases data redundancy.
Answer: False
Explanation: Normalization reduces redundancy by organizing data logically and
removing unnecessary duplication.
8. SQL stands for Structured Query Language.
Answer: True
Explanation: SQL is the standard language for interacting with relational databases.
9. ACID properties help ensure that database transactions are processed reliably.
Answer: True
Explanation: ACID (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability) ensures that
database operations are processed safely and correctly.
10. A surrogate key must be business-related data.
Answer: False
Explanation: A surrogate key is an artificial, system-generated key, not necessarily
tied to business data, used to uniquely identify records.
Fill in the Blank
11. The process of organizing data to reduce redundancy and improve integrity is
called ________.
Answer: Normalization
, Explanation: Normalization organizes data into tables to minimize duplication and
maintain accuracy.
12. A ________ is a named SQL query stored in the database that can be executed
repeatedly.
Answer: Stored Procedure
Explanation: Stored procedures allow reusability and efficiency in querying or
updating data without rewriting the SQL each time.
13. The SQL command used to add a new row to a table is ________.
Answer: INSERT
Explanation: INSERT adds new records to a table, which is essential for database
operations.
14. The level of database backup that only includes changes since the last full backup
is a ________ backup.
Answer: Incremental
Explanation: Incremental backups save only new or modified data since the last full
backup, saving storage and time.
15. In relational databases, tables are connected through ________ keys.
Answer: Foreign
Explanation: Foreign keys establish links between tables to enforce referential
integrity.
Short Answer / Scenario-Based
16. What is the difference between DELETE and TRUNCATE in SQL?
Answer: DELETE removes rows one at a time and allows the action to be rolled back;
TRUNCATE removes all rows at once, is faster, and cannot typically be rolled back.
Explanation: DELETE is more flexible but slower, while TRUNCATE is fast but
permanent.
