WGU D564 Theories of Personality Exam Study
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Terms in this set (182)
shaping the idea similar to that of a sculptor that shapes a
piece of clay into a statue by gradually shaving
here and there until a square block comes to
resemble a person or an animal.
punishment an aversive consequence that follows an act in
order to stop the act and prevent its repetition.
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five principles of how to punish 1. availability of alternatives (e.g., Halloween party
so kids avoid pranks) 2. behavioral and situational
specificity 3. timing and consistency (e.g., hitting
dog for making mess hours earlier) 4. conditioning
secondary punishing stimuli (e.g., counting to 3) 5.
avoiding mixed messages (e.g., cuddling with child
after punishing)
dangers of punishment 1. punishment arouses emotion 2. it is difficult to be
consistent 3. it is difficult to gauge the severity of
punishment 4. punishment teaches misuse of power
5. punishment motivates concealment
habit hierarchy in Dollard and Miller's social learning theory, all of
the behaviors an individual might do, ranked in
order from most to least probable.
drive in learning theories, a state of psychological
tension, the reduction of which feels good.
primary drives in learning theories, a drive that is innate to an
organism, such as the hunger drive.
secondary drives in learning theories, a drive that is learned through
its association with primary drives, and includes
drives for love, prestige, money, power, and the
avoidance of fear and of humiliation.
frustration-aggression hypothesis in Dollard and Miller's social learning theory, the
hypothesis that frustration automatically creates an
impulse toward aggression.
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