INFORMATI0N COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY.
MANUAL
1
Zetech college ©2011
,PREFACE
Today, many managers are using computers, business databases and models to help make
decisive decisions. This is a positive change in behavior and some evidence indicates the use of
computers to support management decision-making is entering a new and more sophisticated
stage. The novelty of managers using computers is "wearing off" and more importantly the
capabilities of our support systems are beginning to match the expectations of managers.
Information Systems are now both a business necessity and an opportunity to gain competitive
advantage. This manual tries to build on these positive changes and provide an updated
exploration of computerized information systems.
Information Systems is only one part of an innovative educational and knowledge resource for
people interested in learning more about data processing facilities which come in hand when
making decisions for their businesses. The idea was to develop a book that was strong on
concepts and theory with timely and up-to-date application examples.
This manual has been written at a college reading level, anticipating that it might be read by
technical and non-technical readers, and by practicing managers and undergraduate and
graduate students. My presumption was that readers would have only an introductory-level
background in Computing or Business Information Systems.
Any comment or constructive opinion will be highly appreciated.
2
Zetech college ©2011
,TABLE OF CONTENTS
PREFACE 2
TABLE OF CONTENTS 3
1.0 INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION SYSTEMS 5
1.1 Basic elements of a computer. 6
1.2 Features of computers 6Error! Bookmark not defined.
1.3 uses of computers 7
1.4 History of computers 9
1.5 Classification of computers 10
1.6 Review questions 12
2.0 Computer components Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.1 Computer hardware. 13
2.1.0 Input devices Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.1.1 The central processing unit. 17
2.1.2 Computer storage. Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.1.3 Output devices Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.3 Review questions 36
3.0 Computer networks 37
3.1 Types of networks Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.2 Network configurations. Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.3 Network components Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.4 Network software 40
3
Zetech college ©2011
, 3.5 Network cables 48
3.6 Network topologies 483
3.7 Reviewquestions 487
4.1 Meaning of computer file 488
4.2 Types of Computer File 499
4.3 File organization methods 50
4.4 Factors to consider when selecting a file organization method 52
4.5 Review questions 53
5.0 DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS 54
5.1 Basic concepts 5454
5.2 Data modeling 54
5.3 Review questions 59
6.0 DATA PROCESSING 60
6.1 Methods of data processing 60
6.2 Data processing modes 61
6.3 Review questions 67
7.0 Computer security Error! Bookmark not defined.
7.1 Data protection act Error! Bookmark not defined.
7.2 Type of computer security Error! Bookmark not defined.
7.3 Network security 72
7.4 Review questions Error! Bookmark not defined.
4
Zetech college ©2011
MANUAL
1
Zetech college ©2011
,PREFACE
Today, many managers are using computers, business databases and models to help make
decisive decisions. This is a positive change in behavior and some evidence indicates the use of
computers to support management decision-making is entering a new and more sophisticated
stage. The novelty of managers using computers is "wearing off" and more importantly the
capabilities of our support systems are beginning to match the expectations of managers.
Information Systems are now both a business necessity and an opportunity to gain competitive
advantage. This manual tries to build on these positive changes and provide an updated
exploration of computerized information systems.
Information Systems is only one part of an innovative educational and knowledge resource for
people interested in learning more about data processing facilities which come in hand when
making decisions for their businesses. The idea was to develop a book that was strong on
concepts and theory with timely and up-to-date application examples.
This manual has been written at a college reading level, anticipating that it might be read by
technical and non-technical readers, and by practicing managers and undergraduate and
graduate students. My presumption was that readers would have only an introductory-level
background in Computing or Business Information Systems.
Any comment or constructive opinion will be highly appreciated.
2
Zetech college ©2011
,TABLE OF CONTENTS
PREFACE 2
TABLE OF CONTENTS 3
1.0 INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION SYSTEMS 5
1.1 Basic elements of a computer. 6
1.2 Features of computers 6Error! Bookmark not defined.
1.3 uses of computers 7
1.4 History of computers 9
1.5 Classification of computers 10
1.6 Review questions 12
2.0 Computer components Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.1 Computer hardware. 13
2.1.0 Input devices Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.1.1 The central processing unit. 17
2.1.2 Computer storage. Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.1.3 Output devices Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.3 Review questions 36
3.0 Computer networks 37
3.1 Types of networks Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.2 Network configurations. Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.3 Network components Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.4 Network software 40
3
Zetech college ©2011
, 3.5 Network cables 48
3.6 Network topologies 483
3.7 Reviewquestions 487
4.1 Meaning of computer file 488
4.2 Types of Computer File 499
4.3 File organization methods 50
4.4 Factors to consider when selecting a file organization method 52
4.5 Review questions 53
5.0 DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS 54
5.1 Basic concepts 5454
5.2 Data modeling 54
5.3 Review questions 59
6.0 DATA PROCESSING 60
6.1 Methods of data processing 60
6.2 Data processing modes 61
6.3 Review questions 67
7.0 Computer security Error! Bookmark not defined.
7.1 Data protection act Error! Bookmark not defined.
7.2 Type of computer security Error! Bookmark not defined.
7.3 Network security 72
7.4 Review questions Error! Bookmark not defined.
4
Zetech college ©2011
