Examination of the abdomen
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inspection, auscultation, then palpation
Note: palpation last because it may distort the normal abdominal sounds
,Etiology: Diarrhea
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- The most serious immediate physiologic disturbances are dehydration,
acid-base imbalance with acidosis, and shock that occurs when
dehydration progresses to the point that circulatory status is seriously
impaired
- Worldwide—the most common cause of acute gastroenteritis are
infectious agents, viruses, bacteria, and parasites
- In developing nations—viruses, primarily Rotavirus, cause 70-80% of
infectious diarrhea
Therapeutic Management for Colic
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-Dietary changes, such as eliminating cow's milk protein from the lactating
mother's diet (if sensitive to cow's milk, a trial substitution of another
formula such as an extensively hydrolyzed, whey hydrolysate, or amino acid
formula is warranted).
-Oral administration of Lactobacillus reuteri to colicky breastfed infants
decreased symptoms within 1 week of initiation in one small study
-Behavioral interventions to help parents reduce stimulation and respond
to the infant's crying
Acute diarrhea
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, o Leading cause of illness in children younger than 5 years old
o A sudden increase in frequency and a change in consistency of stools,
often caused by an infectious agent in the GI tract
o May be associated with upper respiratory or urinary tract infections,
antibiotic therapy, or laxative use
o Less than 14 days duration
o Subsides without specific treatment
o Acute infectious diarrhea is caused by a variety of viral, bacterial, and
parasitic pathogens
Shigella
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o Children appear sick
o Fever, fatigue, anorexia, crampy abdominal pain, watery or bloody
diarrhea
o Symptoms subside 5-10 days
o Mostly in children under 9 years, 1/3 the kids are between 1 and 4 weeks
o Antibiotics help
Nursing care Management of an colicky infant
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initial step is to take a thorough, detailed history of the usual daily events,
which include:
1. The infant's diet
2. The diet of the breastfeeding mother
3. The time of day when crying occurs
4. The relationship of crying to feeding time
5. The presence of specific family members during crying and habits of
family members, such as smoking
6. Activity of the mother or usual caregiver before, during, after crying
7. Characteristics of the cry (duration, intensity)
Give this one a try later!
inspection, auscultation, then palpation
Note: palpation last because it may distort the normal abdominal sounds
,Etiology: Diarrhea
Give this one a try later!
- The most serious immediate physiologic disturbances are dehydration,
acid-base imbalance with acidosis, and shock that occurs when
dehydration progresses to the point that circulatory status is seriously
impaired
- Worldwide—the most common cause of acute gastroenteritis are
infectious agents, viruses, bacteria, and parasites
- In developing nations—viruses, primarily Rotavirus, cause 70-80% of
infectious diarrhea
Therapeutic Management for Colic
Give this one a try later!
-Dietary changes, such as eliminating cow's milk protein from the lactating
mother's diet (if sensitive to cow's milk, a trial substitution of another
formula such as an extensively hydrolyzed, whey hydrolysate, or amino acid
formula is warranted).
-Oral administration of Lactobacillus reuteri to colicky breastfed infants
decreased symptoms within 1 week of initiation in one small study
-Behavioral interventions to help parents reduce stimulation and respond
to the infant's crying
Acute diarrhea
Give this one a try later!
, o Leading cause of illness in children younger than 5 years old
o A sudden increase in frequency and a change in consistency of stools,
often caused by an infectious agent in the GI tract
o May be associated with upper respiratory or urinary tract infections,
antibiotic therapy, or laxative use
o Less than 14 days duration
o Subsides without specific treatment
o Acute infectious diarrhea is caused by a variety of viral, bacterial, and
parasitic pathogens
Shigella
Give this one a try later!
o Children appear sick
o Fever, fatigue, anorexia, crampy abdominal pain, watery or bloody
diarrhea
o Symptoms subside 5-10 days
o Mostly in children under 9 years, 1/3 the kids are between 1 and 4 weeks
o Antibiotics help
Nursing care Management of an colicky infant
Give this one a try later!
initial step is to take a thorough, detailed history of the usual daily events,
which include:
1. The infant's diet
2. The diet of the breastfeeding mother
3. The time of day when crying occurs
4. The relationship of crying to feeding time
5. The presence of specific family members during crying and habits of
family members, such as smoking
6. Activity of the mother or usual caregiver before, during, after crying
7. Characteristics of the cry (duration, intensity)
