GCU BIO-181 Exam 2 with all Correct & 100% Verified
Answers| Actual Complete Exam |Already Graded A+
(Just Released)
Catabolism ✔Correct Answer--Metabolic pathways that break down molecules, releasing energy.
Anabolism ✔Correct Answer--Metabolic pathways that construct molecules, requiring energy.
1st law of thermodynamics ✔Correct Answer--The principle of conservation of energy. Energy can
be transferred and transformed, but it cannot be created or destroyed.
2nd law of thermodynamics ✔Correct Answer--Every energy transfer or transformation increases
the entropy of the universe.
Entropy ✔Correct Answer--A measure of disorder or randomness.
Free energy coupling and ATP ✔Correct Answer--Free energy converts ATP to ADP.
Potential energy ✔Correct Answer--stored energy
Kinetic energy ✔Correct Answer--energy of motion
Endorgonic ✔Correct Answer--a reaction that absorbs free energy from its surroundings EX:
Photosynthesis
Exorgonic ✔Correct Answer--a reaction that releases free energy to its surroundings EX: Repiration
Aerobic respiration ✔Correct Answer--Respiration that requires oxygen
Fermentation (anaerobic respiration) ✔Correct Answer--Process by which cells release energy in
the absence of oxygen
Role of NADH and FADH2 in cellular respiration ✔Correct Answer--removal of hydrogen atoms by
redox coenzymes FAD becomes FADH2 and NAD+ becomes NADH
Activation energy ✔Correct Answer--Energy needed to get a reaction started
Enzymes ✔Correct Answer--Catalysts for chemical reactions in living things
Active site ✔Correct Answer--A region on an enzyme that binds to a protein or other substance
during a reaction.
Induced fit hypothesis ✔Correct Answer--Partial binding of a substrate to an enzyme alters the
structure of the enzyme.
Competitive inhibition ✔Correct Answer--substance that resembles the normal substrate
competes with the substrate for the active site
, Non-competitive inhibitor ✔Correct Answer--A substance that reduces the activity of an enzyme
by binding to a location remote from the active site, changing its conformation so that it no longer
binds to the substrate.
Feedback inhibition ✔Correct Answer--End product of a metabolic pathway acts as an inhibitor of
an enzyme within that pathway.
Cooperativity ✔Correct Answer--Shape of enzyme is altered by the substrate .
substrate specificity ✔Correct Answer--Ability of an enzyme to discriminate between very similar
molecules
The effects of a catalyst ✔Correct Answer--
What is oxidized in C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + Energy (also the reducing agent) ✔Correct
Answer--C6H12O6
What is reduced in C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + Energy (also the oxidizing agent) ✔Correct
Answer--6 O2
Glycolysis investment phase ✔Correct Answer---2 phosphate groups added
-glucose split to two 3-carbon molecules
Glycolysis payoff phase ✔Correct Answer--Oxidative conversion of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to
pyruvate and the coupled formation of ATP and NADH
Yield of glycolysis ✔Correct Answer--2 pyruvate, 2 ATP, 2 NADH
Role of NAD+ ✔Correct Answer--Acts as an electron carrier
Role of O2 in cellular respiration ✔Correct Answer--The electrons from NADH and FADH are
eventually accepted by this molecule
Oxidative phosphorylation ✔Correct Answer--The production of ATP using energy derived from the
redox reactions of an electron transport chain; the third major stage of cellular respiration.
Substrate-level phosphorylation ✔Correct Answer--The enzyme-catalyzed formation of ATP by
direct transfer of a phosphate group to ADP from an intermediate substrate in catabolism.
Chemiosmotic theory ✔Correct Answer--A model to explain the synthesis of ATP. The theory
proposes that the energy for ATP synthesis originates from the electrochemical gradient of protons
across a membrane
Proton-motive force ✔Correct Answer--The potential energy stored in the form of an
electrochemical gradient, generated by the pumping of hydrogen ions across biological membranes
during chemiosmosis.
ATP synthase ✔Correct Answer--Large protein that uses energy from H+ ions to bind ADP and a
phosphate group together to produce ATP
Answers| Actual Complete Exam |Already Graded A+
(Just Released)
Catabolism ✔Correct Answer--Metabolic pathways that break down molecules, releasing energy.
Anabolism ✔Correct Answer--Metabolic pathways that construct molecules, requiring energy.
1st law of thermodynamics ✔Correct Answer--The principle of conservation of energy. Energy can
be transferred and transformed, but it cannot be created or destroyed.
2nd law of thermodynamics ✔Correct Answer--Every energy transfer or transformation increases
the entropy of the universe.
Entropy ✔Correct Answer--A measure of disorder or randomness.
Free energy coupling and ATP ✔Correct Answer--Free energy converts ATP to ADP.
Potential energy ✔Correct Answer--stored energy
Kinetic energy ✔Correct Answer--energy of motion
Endorgonic ✔Correct Answer--a reaction that absorbs free energy from its surroundings EX:
Photosynthesis
Exorgonic ✔Correct Answer--a reaction that releases free energy to its surroundings EX: Repiration
Aerobic respiration ✔Correct Answer--Respiration that requires oxygen
Fermentation (anaerobic respiration) ✔Correct Answer--Process by which cells release energy in
the absence of oxygen
Role of NADH and FADH2 in cellular respiration ✔Correct Answer--removal of hydrogen atoms by
redox coenzymes FAD becomes FADH2 and NAD+ becomes NADH
Activation energy ✔Correct Answer--Energy needed to get a reaction started
Enzymes ✔Correct Answer--Catalysts for chemical reactions in living things
Active site ✔Correct Answer--A region on an enzyme that binds to a protein or other substance
during a reaction.
Induced fit hypothesis ✔Correct Answer--Partial binding of a substrate to an enzyme alters the
structure of the enzyme.
Competitive inhibition ✔Correct Answer--substance that resembles the normal substrate
competes with the substrate for the active site
, Non-competitive inhibitor ✔Correct Answer--A substance that reduces the activity of an enzyme
by binding to a location remote from the active site, changing its conformation so that it no longer
binds to the substrate.
Feedback inhibition ✔Correct Answer--End product of a metabolic pathway acts as an inhibitor of
an enzyme within that pathway.
Cooperativity ✔Correct Answer--Shape of enzyme is altered by the substrate .
substrate specificity ✔Correct Answer--Ability of an enzyme to discriminate between very similar
molecules
The effects of a catalyst ✔Correct Answer--
What is oxidized in C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + Energy (also the reducing agent) ✔Correct
Answer--C6H12O6
What is reduced in C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + Energy (also the oxidizing agent) ✔Correct
Answer--6 O2
Glycolysis investment phase ✔Correct Answer---2 phosphate groups added
-glucose split to two 3-carbon molecules
Glycolysis payoff phase ✔Correct Answer--Oxidative conversion of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to
pyruvate and the coupled formation of ATP and NADH
Yield of glycolysis ✔Correct Answer--2 pyruvate, 2 ATP, 2 NADH
Role of NAD+ ✔Correct Answer--Acts as an electron carrier
Role of O2 in cellular respiration ✔Correct Answer--The electrons from NADH and FADH are
eventually accepted by this molecule
Oxidative phosphorylation ✔Correct Answer--The production of ATP using energy derived from the
redox reactions of an electron transport chain; the third major stage of cellular respiration.
Substrate-level phosphorylation ✔Correct Answer--The enzyme-catalyzed formation of ATP by
direct transfer of a phosphate group to ADP from an intermediate substrate in catabolism.
Chemiosmotic theory ✔Correct Answer--A model to explain the synthesis of ATP. The theory
proposes that the energy for ATP synthesis originates from the electrochemical gradient of protons
across a membrane
Proton-motive force ✔Correct Answer--The potential energy stored in the form of an
electrochemical gradient, generated by the pumping of hydrogen ions across biological membranes
during chemiosmosis.
ATP synthase ✔Correct Answer--Large protein that uses energy from H+ ions to bind ADP and a
phosphate group together to produce ATP
