ATLS - Advanced Trauma Life
Support Combined Set Questions
and Answers
Edema - Answer-The major principles of thermal injury management include
maintaining a high index of suspicion for the presence of airway compromise following
smoke inhalation and secondary to burn __________.
Inflammatory - Answer-The most significant difference between burns and other injuries
is that the consequences of burn injury are directly linked to the extent of the
_____________________ response to the injury.
Stopping - Answer-Lifesaving measures for patients with burn injuries include
___________________ the burning process, ensuring that airway and ventilation are
adequate, and managing circulation by gaining intravenous access.
Airway - Answer-The ___________ can become obstructed not only from direct injury
(e.g., inhalation injury) but also from the massive edema resulting from the burn injury;
early evaluation to determine the need for endotracheal intubation is essential.
Mouth - Answer-Factors that increase the risk for upper airway obstruction are
increasing burn size and depth, burns to the head and face, inhalation injury, associated
trauma, and burns inside the __________.
Smaller - Answer-Because their airways are _______________, children with burn
injuries are at higher risk for airway problems than their adult counterparts.
40-50 - Answer-If extent of burn is > ______________ %, early intubation is indicated.
Carboxyhemoglobin - Answer-A ________________________ level greater than 10%
in a patient who was involved in a fire also suggest inhalation injury.
Circumferential - Answer-______________________ burns of the neck can lead to
swelling of the tissues around the airway; therefore, early intubation is also indicated for
full-thickness circumferential neck burns.
Lower - Answer-Direct thermal injury to the __________ airway is very rare and
essentially occurs only after exposure to superheated steam or ignition of inhaled
flammable gases.
,Carbon monoxide - Answer-Always assume __________________
__________________ exposure in patients who were burned in enclosed areas.
Cherry-red - Answer-______________________ skin color in patients with CO
exposure is rare, and may only be seen in moribund patients.
7.5 - Answer-It is important to place an appropriately sized endotracheal tube (ETT), as
placing a tube that is too small will make ventilation, clearing of secretions, and
bronchoscopy difficult or impossible. Efforts should be made to use endotracheal tubes
at least __________ mm ID or larger in an adult and size 4.5 mm ID ETT in a child.
Cyanide - Answer-__________________ inhalation from the products of combustion is
possible in burns occurring in confined spaces, in which case the clinician should
consult with a burn or poison control center. A sign of potential toxicity is persistent,
profound, unexplained metabolic acidosis.
Doubled - Answer-Not only is the care of patients with inhalation injury more complex,
but their mortality is ________________ compared with other burn injured individuals.
Bronchoscopy - Answer-The American Burn Association has identified two
requirements for the diagnosis of smoke inhalation injury: exposure to a combustible
agent and signs of exposure to smoke in the lower airway, below the vocal cords, seen
on _______________________.
Escharotomy - Answer-If a full-thickness burn of the anterior and lateral chest wall leads
to severe restriction of chest wall motion, even in the absence of a circumferential burn,
chest wall ____________________ may be required.
20% - Answer-Clinicians should provide burn resuscitation fluids for deep partial and
full-thickness burns larger than _______% TBSA, taking care not to over-resuscitate.
2 mL - Answer-The current consensus guidelines state that fluid resuscitation should
begin at ___ mL of lactated Ringer's x patient's body weight in kg x % TBSA for second-
and third-degree burns. (First 1/2 over the first 8 hours, 2nd half over the next 16)
30 - Answer-In adults, urine output should be maintained between _______ and 50 cc/
hr to minimize potential over-resuscitation.
Surface area - Answer-Resuscitation of pediatric burn patients should begin at 3
mL/kg/% TBSA; this balances a higher resuscitation volume requirement due to larger
______________ ______________ per unit body mass with the smaller pediatric
intravascular volume, increasing risk for volume overload.
1% - Answer-The palmar surface (including the fingers) of the patient's hand represents
approximately _____% of the patient's body surface.
, Superficial - Answer-_________________ (first-degree) burns (e.g., sunburn) are
characterized by erythema and pain, and they do not blister.
Superficial partial-thickness - Answer-_______________ _______________ burns are
moist, painfully hypersensitive (even to air current), potentially blistered, homogenously
pink, and blanch to touch.
Deep partial-thickness - Answer-______________________
______________________ burns are drier, less painful, potentially blistered, red or
mottled in appearance, and do not blanch to touch.
Full-thickness - Answer-___________________ burns usually appear leathery (n
FIGURE 9-5 D). The skin may appear translucent or waxy white. The surface is
painless to light touch or pinprick and generally dry.
Elasticity - Answer-Compartment syndrome in burns, results from the combination of
decreased skin __________________ and increased edema in the soft tissue.
Gastric tube - Answer-Insert a ___________ ___________ and attach it to a suction
setup if the patient experiences nausea, vomiting, or abdominal distention, or when a
patient's burns involve more than 20% total BSA.
Duration - Answer-In chemical burns, rapid removal of the chemical and immediate
attention to wound care are essential; chemical burns are influenced by the
______________ of contact, concentration of the chemical, and amount of the agent.
Contracture - Answer-Severe electrical injuries usually result in
_____________________ of the affected extremity. A clenched hand with a small
electrical entrance wound should alert the clinician that a deep soft-tissue injury is likely
much more extensive than is visible to the naked eye.
Electrical - Answer-ECG monitoring should be preformed in all ___________________
burns because electricity can cause cardiac arrhythmias that may produce cardiac
arrest.
4 - Answer-ABA consensus formula guidelines are to start resuscitation for electrical
burn injury at ______ mL/kg/%TBSA to ensure a urinary output of 100 mL/hr in adults
and 1-1.5 mL/kg/hr in children weighing less than 30 kg.
Heat - Answer-A complicating factor in tar burns is adherence of the tar to skin and
infiltration into clothing, resulting in continued transfer of ___________.
Intentional - Answer-It is important for clinicians to maintain awareness that
__________________ burn injury can occur in both children and adults.
Support Combined Set Questions
and Answers
Edema - Answer-The major principles of thermal injury management include
maintaining a high index of suspicion for the presence of airway compromise following
smoke inhalation and secondary to burn __________.
Inflammatory - Answer-The most significant difference between burns and other injuries
is that the consequences of burn injury are directly linked to the extent of the
_____________________ response to the injury.
Stopping - Answer-Lifesaving measures for patients with burn injuries include
___________________ the burning process, ensuring that airway and ventilation are
adequate, and managing circulation by gaining intravenous access.
Airway - Answer-The ___________ can become obstructed not only from direct injury
(e.g., inhalation injury) but also from the massive edema resulting from the burn injury;
early evaluation to determine the need for endotracheal intubation is essential.
Mouth - Answer-Factors that increase the risk for upper airway obstruction are
increasing burn size and depth, burns to the head and face, inhalation injury, associated
trauma, and burns inside the __________.
Smaller - Answer-Because their airways are _______________, children with burn
injuries are at higher risk for airway problems than their adult counterparts.
40-50 - Answer-If extent of burn is > ______________ %, early intubation is indicated.
Carboxyhemoglobin - Answer-A ________________________ level greater than 10%
in a patient who was involved in a fire also suggest inhalation injury.
Circumferential - Answer-______________________ burns of the neck can lead to
swelling of the tissues around the airway; therefore, early intubation is also indicated for
full-thickness circumferential neck burns.
Lower - Answer-Direct thermal injury to the __________ airway is very rare and
essentially occurs only after exposure to superheated steam or ignition of inhaled
flammable gases.
,Carbon monoxide - Answer-Always assume __________________
__________________ exposure in patients who were burned in enclosed areas.
Cherry-red - Answer-______________________ skin color in patients with CO
exposure is rare, and may only be seen in moribund patients.
7.5 - Answer-It is important to place an appropriately sized endotracheal tube (ETT), as
placing a tube that is too small will make ventilation, clearing of secretions, and
bronchoscopy difficult or impossible. Efforts should be made to use endotracheal tubes
at least __________ mm ID or larger in an adult and size 4.5 mm ID ETT in a child.
Cyanide - Answer-__________________ inhalation from the products of combustion is
possible in burns occurring in confined spaces, in which case the clinician should
consult with a burn or poison control center. A sign of potential toxicity is persistent,
profound, unexplained metabolic acidosis.
Doubled - Answer-Not only is the care of patients with inhalation injury more complex,
but their mortality is ________________ compared with other burn injured individuals.
Bronchoscopy - Answer-The American Burn Association has identified two
requirements for the diagnosis of smoke inhalation injury: exposure to a combustible
agent and signs of exposure to smoke in the lower airway, below the vocal cords, seen
on _______________________.
Escharotomy - Answer-If a full-thickness burn of the anterior and lateral chest wall leads
to severe restriction of chest wall motion, even in the absence of a circumferential burn,
chest wall ____________________ may be required.
20% - Answer-Clinicians should provide burn resuscitation fluids for deep partial and
full-thickness burns larger than _______% TBSA, taking care not to over-resuscitate.
2 mL - Answer-The current consensus guidelines state that fluid resuscitation should
begin at ___ mL of lactated Ringer's x patient's body weight in kg x % TBSA for second-
and third-degree burns. (First 1/2 over the first 8 hours, 2nd half over the next 16)
30 - Answer-In adults, urine output should be maintained between _______ and 50 cc/
hr to minimize potential over-resuscitation.
Surface area - Answer-Resuscitation of pediatric burn patients should begin at 3
mL/kg/% TBSA; this balances a higher resuscitation volume requirement due to larger
______________ ______________ per unit body mass with the smaller pediatric
intravascular volume, increasing risk for volume overload.
1% - Answer-The palmar surface (including the fingers) of the patient's hand represents
approximately _____% of the patient's body surface.
, Superficial - Answer-_________________ (first-degree) burns (e.g., sunburn) are
characterized by erythema and pain, and they do not blister.
Superficial partial-thickness - Answer-_______________ _______________ burns are
moist, painfully hypersensitive (even to air current), potentially blistered, homogenously
pink, and blanch to touch.
Deep partial-thickness - Answer-______________________
______________________ burns are drier, less painful, potentially blistered, red or
mottled in appearance, and do not blanch to touch.
Full-thickness - Answer-___________________ burns usually appear leathery (n
FIGURE 9-5 D). The skin may appear translucent or waxy white. The surface is
painless to light touch or pinprick and generally dry.
Elasticity - Answer-Compartment syndrome in burns, results from the combination of
decreased skin __________________ and increased edema in the soft tissue.
Gastric tube - Answer-Insert a ___________ ___________ and attach it to a suction
setup if the patient experiences nausea, vomiting, or abdominal distention, or when a
patient's burns involve more than 20% total BSA.
Duration - Answer-In chemical burns, rapid removal of the chemical and immediate
attention to wound care are essential; chemical burns are influenced by the
______________ of contact, concentration of the chemical, and amount of the agent.
Contracture - Answer-Severe electrical injuries usually result in
_____________________ of the affected extremity. A clenched hand with a small
electrical entrance wound should alert the clinician that a deep soft-tissue injury is likely
much more extensive than is visible to the naked eye.
Electrical - Answer-ECG monitoring should be preformed in all ___________________
burns because electricity can cause cardiac arrhythmias that may produce cardiac
arrest.
4 - Answer-ABA consensus formula guidelines are to start resuscitation for electrical
burn injury at ______ mL/kg/%TBSA to ensure a urinary output of 100 mL/hr in adults
and 1-1.5 mL/kg/hr in children weighing less than 30 kg.
Heat - Answer-A complicating factor in tar burns is adherence of the tar to skin and
infiltration into clothing, resulting in continued transfer of ___________.
Intentional - Answer-It is important for clinicians to maintain awareness that
__________________ burn injury can occur in both children and adults.
