BIOD 101 MODULE 6 EXAM QUESTIONS
WITH CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS |
100% PASS (A+ CERTIFIED) 2026/2027 -
PORTAGE
Describe how prokaryotic cells store genetic material.
Answer
Non membrane bound nucleoid region.
List TWO similarities between prokaryotic and eukaryotic
cells.
Answer
plasma membrane, contain ribosomes to make proteins
Describe the role of the cell wall in a bacterial cell.
Answer
responsible for the shape of a cell, provides protection against
environmental stressors
List THREE accessory structures that facilitate movement and
attachment in bacteria
Answer
,capsule, fimbriae, flagella
Compare and contrast Gram-positive and Gram-negative
bacteria regarding the amount of peptidoglycan present in
their cell walls
Answer
Gram-positive bacteria have a thick layer ofpeptidoglycan, and
Gram-negative bacteria have a thin layer of peptidoglycan
Describe how eukaryotic cells store genetic information.
Answer
Membrane bound nucleus
Describe the Gram-stain process
Answer
First, a sample of the bacteria is stained with a crystal violet
dye and iodine. Next, the sample is rinsed with alcohol to
remove the unbound dyes. Finally, the sample is stained a
second time with a red dye. The properties of the cell wall will
determine how the dyes change the color of the cell, and
,determination of the type of bacteria can be made when the
stained cells are viewed under a microscope.
List and describe the most common bacterial shapes.
Answer
Cocci: spherical, bacilli: rod shaped, spiral: spiral shaped from
a comma to corkscrew shape.
Spherical-shaped cells arranged in chains can be best described
Answer
Streptococci
Discuss the role of complement proteins in innate immunity.
Answer
When in a dormant state, complement proteins freely circulate
in the blood. The molecules on the surface of pathogens trigger
the complement proteins to activate. Activation causes a
process of biochemical reactions that results in the proteins
forming a pore on the surface of the pathogen and lysing the
pathogenic cell.
Which cells are the most abundant and play a major role in the
process of inflammation?
Answer
Neutrophils
, Macrophages and dendritic cells are examples of
Answer
Monocytes
List the TWO arms of adaptive immunity, and the cells found
in each
Answer
Humoral response (B cells and associated antibodies),
cellmediated responses (T cells)
What are virulence factors? List ONE virulence factor related
to GAS.
Answer
agents used by a pathogen to establish successful colonization
within a host. M-protein and a capsule.
List the two MAIN branches of immunity and compare them
by response time.
Answer
Answer: Innate immunity is rapid in its response, and adaptive
immunity is slower in its response
WITH CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS |
100% PASS (A+ CERTIFIED) 2026/2027 -
PORTAGE
Describe how prokaryotic cells store genetic material.
Answer
Non membrane bound nucleoid region.
List TWO similarities between prokaryotic and eukaryotic
cells.
Answer
plasma membrane, contain ribosomes to make proteins
Describe the role of the cell wall in a bacterial cell.
Answer
responsible for the shape of a cell, provides protection against
environmental stressors
List THREE accessory structures that facilitate movement and
attachment in bacteria
Answer
,capsule, fimbriae, flagella
Compare and contrast Gram-positive and Gram-negative
bacteria regarding the amount of peptidoglycan present in
their cell walls
Answer
Gram-positive bacteria have a thick layer ofpeptidoglycan, and
Gram-negative bacteria have a thin layer of peptidoglycan
Describe how eukaryotic cells store genetic information.
Answer
Membrane bound nucleus
Describe the Gram-stain process
Answer
First, a sample of the bacteria is stained with a crystal violet
dye and iodine. Next, the sample is rinsed with alcohol to
remove the unbound dyes. Finally, the sample is stained a
second time with a red dye. The properties of the cell wall will
determine how the dyes change the color of the cell, and
,determination of the type of bacteria can be made when the
stained cells are viewed under a microscope.
List and describe the most common bacterial shapes.
Answer
Cocci: spherical, bacilli: rod shaped, spiral: spiral shaped from
a comma to corkscrew shape.
Spherical-shaped cells arranged in chains can be best described
Answer
Streptococci
Discuss the role of complement proteins in innate immunity.
Answer
When in a dormant state, complement proteins freely circulate
in the blood. The molecules on the surface of pathogens trigger
the complement proteins to activate. Activation causes a
process of biochemical reactions that results in the proteins
forming a pore on the surface of the pathogen and lysing the
pathogenic cell.
Which cells are the most abundant and play a major role in the
process of inflammation?
Answer
Neutrophils
, Macrophages and dendritic cells are examples of
Answer
Monocytes
List the TWO arms of adaptive immunity, and the cells found
in each
Answer
Humoral response (B cells and associated antibodies),
cellmediated responses (T cells)
What are virulence factors? List ONE virulence factor related
to GAS.
Answer
agents used by a pathogen to establish successful colonization
within a host. M-protein and a capsule.
List the two MAIN branches of immunity and compare them
by response time.
Answer
Answer: Innate immunity is rapid in its response, and adaptive
immunity is slower in its response
