ITM 102- Final Review Exam
Questions with Correct Detailed
Answers
Relational Databases - - Answer-contain information in a series of two-dimensional
tables. In a data warehouse and data mart, information is multi-dimensional. It contains
layers of columns and rows
Dimension - - Answer-a particular attribute of the information
Cube - - Answer-common term for the representation of multi-dimensional information
Information Cleansing (Scrubbing): - Answer-• An organization must maintain high-
quality data in the data warehouse.
• Information cleansing (scrubbing) - a process that weeds out and fixes or discards
inconsistent, incorrect, or incomplete information.
• It occurs first during ETL process and second on the information once it is in the data
warehouse.
Business Intelligence - - Answer-applications and technologies used to gather, provide
access to, and analyze information to support decision making
• The solution to the challenge of making good decisions in an environment that is data
rich and information poor
• Businesses make hundreds of decisions a day
some are based on facts but also some are based on experience, accumulated
knowledge and rules of thumb that may take years to develop.
• - Answer-Improving business decisions has a direct, positive effect on the bottom line.
BI systems can assist in better decisions, a more agile, intelligent enterprise.
Characteristics of BI Systems: - Answer-• Reliable - The information has been
documented as the certified or approved information for the enterprise. Can be used
with confidence.
• Consistent - The processes delivering the information are well documented.
Information is complete. Processes run with predictable response times.
• Understandable - The information has been defined in business terms. Calculations
and algorithms can be accessed for comprehension. The data dictionary or metadata
repository is easy to access and understand.
• Easily Manipulated - It is easy to change the questions or set different parameters to
turn and twist the information in new ways.
,Shorten latencies - speed of decision-making: - Answer-• Data latency is the time
needed to make transactional data ready for analysis.
• Analysis latency is the time from which data is made available and analysis of it is
completed.
Decision latency - Answer-is the time it takes a human to comprehend the analysis and
take appropriate action.
Data mining - - Answer-the process of analyzing information to extract insights not
necessarily evident from the information alone.
Drilling Down - - Answer-increasing levels of detail.
Drilling Up - - Answer-increasing summarization.
Data-mining tools - - Answer-use a variety of techniques to find patterns and
relationships in large volumes of information and infers rules that predict future
behaviour and guide decision making
Data Mining Techniques: - Answer-• Cluster analysis
• Association detection
• Statistic analysis
Cluster analysis - Answer-• A technique used to divide an information set into mutually
exclusive groups such that the members of each group are as close together as
possible to one another and the different groups are as far apart as possible.
Association detection: - Answer-• Reveals the degree to which variables are related and
the nature and frequency of these relationships in the information
Statistic Analysis: - Answer-• Performs such functions as information correlations,
distributions, calculations, and variance analysis
Forecast - - Answer-predictions made on the basis of time-series information
Time-series Information - - Answer-time-stamped information collected at a particular
frequency
Business Benefits of BI: - Answer-• Single Point of Access for all Users.
• BI across Organizational Departments.
• Up-to-the-Minute Information for Everyone.
• Categories of BI benefits:
o Direct quantifiable benefits.
o Indirect quantifiable benefits.
o Unpredictable benefits.
o Intangible benefits.
, Data Visualization: - Answer-• With data and information, as with other things, a picture
may be worth a thousand words.
• The Venn diagram (fig 7.24) looks at the overlapping qualities of successful
information design as indicated in the center of the image where all characteristics
converge.
• A Venn diagram or set diagram is a diagram that shows all possible logical relations
between finite collections of sets.
• It was developed around 1880 by John Venn.
Objectives of MKC: - Answer-• To meet competitive challenges in the marketplace
• Enrich the hiring and training process
• Increase technology literacy among employees
• Provide resources to employees - develop their knowledge and competencies
Electronic library features: - Answer-• Information access digitally on the Intranet
• Information distribution
• Personal folder
• Search engine
• Updates daily
• User feedback
Knowledge: - Answer-• Action information
o To be knowledgeable, a person must understand the information, to make inferences
between various tidbits of information, presented, and, be able to apply that knowledge
into action
Knowledge Management: - Answer-• Involves capturing, classifying, evaluating,
retrieving, and sharing information assets in a way that provides context for effective
decisions and actions
Knowledge management system (KMS) - - Answer-supports the capturing, organization,
and dissemination of knowledge ("know-how") throughout an organization
Explicit knowledge - - Answer-Consists of anything that can be documented, achieved,
and codified, often with the help of IT
Tacit knowledge - - Answer-Knowledge contained in people's heads
Tacit Knowledge: - Answer-• Two known practices for transferring or recreating tacit
knowledge
Shadowing - - Answer-less experienced staff observe more experienced staff to learn
how their more experienced counterparts approach their work
Joint problem solving - - Answer-a novice and expert work together on a project
Questions with Correct Detailed
Answers
Relational Databases - - Answer-contain information in a series of two-dimensional
tables. In a data warehouse and data mart, information is multi-dimensional. It contains
layers of columns and rows
Dimension - - Answer-a particular attribute of the information
Cube - - Answer-common term for the representation of multi-dimensional information
Information Cleansing (Scrubbing): - Answer-• An organization must maintain high-
quality data in the data warehouse.
• Information cleansing (scrubbing) - a process that weeds out and fixes or discards
inconsistent, incorrect, or incomplete information.
• It occurs first during ETL process and second on the information once it is in the data
warehouse.
Business Intelligence - - Answer-applications and technologies used to gather, provide
access to, and analyze information to support decision making
• The solution to the challenge of making good decisions in an environment that is data
rich and information poor
• Businesses make hundreds of decisions a day
some are based on facts but also some are based on experience, accumulated
knowledge and rules of thumb that may take years to develop.
• - Answer-Improving business decisions has a direct, positive effect on the bottom line.
BI systems can assist in better decisions, a more agile, intelligent enterprise.
Characteristics of BI Systems: - Answer-• Reliable - The information has been
documented as the certified or approved information for the enterprise. Can be used
with confidence.
• Consistent - The processes delivering the information are well documented.
Information is complete. Processes run with predictable response times.
• Understandable - The information has been defined in business terms. Calculations
and algorithms can be accessed for comprehension. The data dictionary or metadata
repository is easy to access and understand.
• Easily Manipulated - It is easy to change the questions or set different parameters to
turn and twist the information in new ways.
,Shorten latencies - speed of decision-making: - Answer-• Data latency is the time
needed to make transactional data ready for analysis.
• Analysis latency is the time from which data is made available and analysis of it is
completed.
Decision latency - Answer-is the time it takes a human to comprehend the analysis and
take appropriate action.
Data mining - - Answer-the process of analyzing information to extract insights not
necessarily evident from the information alone.
Drilling Down - - Answer-increasing levels of detail.
Drilling Up - - Answer-increasing summarization.
Data-mining tools - - Answer-use a variety of techniques to find patterns and
relationships in large volumes of information and infers rules that predict future
behaviour and guide decision making
Data Mining Techniques: - Answer-• Cluster analysis
• Association detection
• Statistic analysis
Cluster analysis - Answer-• A technique used to divide an information set into mutually
exclusive groups such that the members of each group are as close together as
possible to one another and the different groups are as far apart as possible.
Association detection: - Answer-• Reveals the degree to which variables are related and
the nature and frequency of these relationships in the information
Statistic Analysis: - Answer-• Performs such functions as information correlations,
distributions, calculations, and variance analysis
Forecast - - Answer-predictions made on the basis of time-series information
Time-series Information - - Answer-time-stamped information collected at a particular
frequency
Business Benefits of BI: - Answer-• Single Point of Access for all Users.
• BI across Organizational Departments.
• Up-to-the-Minute Information for Everyone.
• Categories of BI benefits:
o Direct quantifiable benefits.
o Indirect quantifiable benefits.
o Unpredictable benefits.
o Intangible benefits.
, Data Visualization: - Answer-• With data and information, as with other things, a picture
may be worth a thousand words.
• The Venn diagram (fig 7.24) looks at the overlapping qualities of successful
information design as indicated in the center of the image where all characteristics
converge.
• A Venn diagram or set diagram is a diagram that shows all possible logical relations
between finite collections of sets.
• It was developed around 1880 by John Venn.
Objectives of MKC: - Answer-• To meet competitive challenges in the marketplace
• Enrich the hiring and training process
• Increase technology literacy among employees
• Provide resources to employees - develop their knowledge and competencies
Electronic library features: - Answer-• Information access digitally on the Intranet
• Information distribution
• Personal folder
• Search engine
• Updates daily
• User feedback
Knowledge: - Answer-• Action information
o To be knowledgeable, a person must understand the information, to make inferences
between various tidbits of information, presented, and, be able to apply that knowledge
into action
Knowledge Management: - Answer-• Involves capturing, classifying, evaluating,
retrieving, and sharing information assets in a way that provides context for effective
decisions and actions
Knowledge management system (KMS) - - Answer-supports the capturing, organization,
and dissemination of knowledge ("know-how") throughout an organization
Explicit knowledge - - Answer-Consists of anything that can be documented, achieved,
and codified, often with the help of IT
Tacit knowledge - - Answer-Knowledge contained in people's heads
Tacit Knowledge: - Answer-• Two known practices for transferring or recreating tacit
knowledge
Shadowing - - Answer-less experienced staff observe more experienced staff to learn
how their more experienced counterparts approach their work
Joint problem solving - - Answer-a novice and expert work together on a project
