ANATOMY LECOM EXAM 1 MMS
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
anterior ramus - Correct Answers -•send branches posteriorly to innervate the extrinsic
"superficial" back muscles, not trapizius
posterior ramus - Correct Answers -serves the deep muscles and skin of the posterior
surface of the trunk
purpose of intertubercal sulcus - Correct Answers -important for muscle attachment
Trapezius- attachment & action - Correct Answers -proximal attach- •External occipital
protuberance, Superior nuchal line, Nuchal ligament, C7-T12 spinous processes
distal attach-•Acromia and spines of the scapulae
Lateral 1/3 of the clavicles
actions- moves scapulae
Trapezius Innervation - Correct Answers -Accessory nerve (CN XI) & C3 & C4 anterior
rami spinal nerve,
blood from superficial cervical artery, joins spinal accessory nerve
Spinal Accessory (XI) injury - Correct Answers -trauma, motor, shoulder cant shrug
cant raise hand above head
Latissimus dorsi - Correct Answers -•Proximal Attachments
•Spinous processes of T7-T12, 10th-12th ribs, iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia
•Distal Attachments
•Anterior surface of humerus (floor of intertubercular sulcus)
•Actions
•Extends, adducts and medially rotates the humerus. Elevates the body when climbing
or doing chin-ups
latissimus dorsi - Correct Answers -•Motor/sensory innervation
•Thoracodorsal nerve (C6, C7, C8 - from brachial plexus)
•Blood supply
•Thoracodorsal artery - branch of the subscapular artery
•Rhomboid major - Correct Answers -•Proximal Attachment - spinous processes of T2-
T5
•Distal Attachments - medial border of scapula
,•Actions - retract the scapula and keep it fixed to thoracic wall. can rotate the glenoid
cavity inferiorly
•Rhomboid minor - Correct Answers -•Proximal Attachment - Nuchal ligament and
spinous processes of C7 and T1
•Distal Attachments - medial edge of scapular spine
•Actions - same as rhomboid major
Rhomboids - Correct Answers -•Motor/sensory innervation
•Dorsal scapular nerve (C4, C5 - from brachial plexus)
•Blood supply
•Dorsal scapular artery - branch of either the subclavian artery or cervicodorsal trunk
Levator scapulae - Correct Answers -•Proximal Attachments
•Transverse processes of C1-C4
•Distal Attachments
•Medial border of scapula, superior to the root of the scapular spine
•Actions
•Elevates the scapula and rotates the glenoid cavity inferiorly
•Innervation and blood supply
•Dorsal scapular nerve (with contribution from C3) and dorsal scapular artery
Triangle of Auscultation - Correct Answers -breath sounds
formed by- medial border scapula, lateral trapezius, superior latissimus dorsi
rhomboid major on triangle floor
Intermediate back muscles - Correct Answers -•serratus posterior superior and serratus
posterior inferior
•Lie in between the superficial and deep back muscles
•Serve a respiratory function
serratus posterior superior - Correct Answers -•Proximal Attachments
•Nuchal ligament and spinous processes of C7-T3
•Distal Attachments
•Superior borders of 2nd-4th ribs
•Actions
•Proprioception. (may act to elevate the ribs)
•Innervation
•Intercostal nerves (anterior rami of T2-T5)
Serratus posterior inferior - Correct Answers -•Proximal Attachments
•Spinous processes of T11-L2
•Distal Attachments
•Inferior borders of 8th-12th ribs
•Actions
•Proprioception. (may act to depress the ribs)
, •Innervation
•Intercostal nerves (anterior rami of T9-T12)
Deep back muscles - Correct Answers -•"intrinsic" back muscles
-Superficial, intermediate, and deep layers
•All are enclosed by deep fascia (including the thoracolumbar fascia)
•They extend from the pelvis to the cranium
•Maintain posture and control movements of the vertebral column
•All innervated by posterior rami of spinal nerves
what is back skin innervated by - Correct Answers -posterior rami
splenius capitis - Correct Answers -distal attach-•mastoid process of temporal bone,
superior nuchal line of occipital bone
Splenis Cervicis - Correct Answers -distal attach-•- transverse processes C1-C3, or C4
Splenius muscles - Correct Answers -•Proximal Attachments
Nuchal ligament and spinous processes of C7-T6
•Actions
•Unilateral - lateral flexion of neck and rotation of head towards active muscles
•Bilateral - extension of head and neck
Erector spinae muscle group - Correct Answers -iliocostalis, longissimus and spinalis
the intermediate layer of deep back muscles
•Largest group of intrinsic back muscles
•Located along a groove on each side of the vertebral column - between the spinous
processes and angles of the ribs
Iliocostalis - Correct Answers -•It is the most lateral muscle in the erector spinae group
•Distal Attachments
•Angles of the ribs and cervical transverse processes
Longissimus - Correct Answers -•Lies between the spinalis and iliocostalis muscles
•Distal Attachments
•Ribs (between tubercles and angles), the transverse processes of thoracic and cervical
vertebrae, mastoid process of temporal bone
Spinalis - Correct Answers -•The most medial of the erector spinae group
•Distal Attachments
•Spinous processes of the upper thoracic and cervical vertebrae
Erector spinae muscle action - Correct Answers -extension of vertebral column
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
anterior ramus - Correct Answers -•send branches posteriorly to innervate the extrinsic
"superficial" back muscles, not trapizius
posterior ramus - Correct Answers -serves the deep muscles and skin of the posterior
surface of the trunk
purpose of intertubercal sulcus - Correct Answers -important for muscle attachment
Trapezius- attachment & action - Correct Answers -proximal attach- •External occipital
protuberance, Superior nuchal line, Nuchal ligament, C7-T12 spinous processes
distal attach-•Acromia and spines of the scapulae
Lateral 1/3 of the clavicles
actions- moves scapulae
Trapezius Innervation - Correct Answers -Accessory nerve (CN XI) & C3 & C4 anterior
rami spinal nerve,
blood from superficial cervical artery, joins spinal accessory nerve
Spinal Accessory (XI) injury - Correct Answers -trauma, motor, shoulder cant shrug
cant raise hand above head
Latissimus dorsi - Correct Answers -•Proximal Attachments
•Spinous processes of T7-T12, 10th-12th ribs, iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia
•Distal Attachments
•Anterior surface of humerus (floor of intertubercular sulcus)
•Actions
•Extends, adducts and medially rotates the humerus. Elevates the body when climbing
or doing chin-ups
latissimus dorsi - Correct Answers -•Motor/sensory innervation
•Thoracodorsal nerve (C6, C7, C8 - from brachial plexus)
•Blood supply
•Thoracodorsal artery - branch of the subscapular artery
•Rhomboid major - Correct Answers -•Proximal Attachment - spinous processes of T2-
T5
•Distal Attachments - medial border of scapula
,•Actions - retract the scapula and keep it fixed to thoracic wall. can rotate the glenoid
cavity inferiorly
•Rhomboid minor - Correct Answers -•Proximal Attachment - Nuchal ligament and
spinous processes of C7 and T1
•Distal Attachments - medial edge of scapular spine
•Actions - same as rhomboid major
Rhomboids - Correct Answers -•Motor/sensory innervation
•Dorsal scapular nerve (C4, C5 - from brachial plexus)
•Blood supply
•Dorsal scapular artery - branch of either the subclavian artery or cervicodorsal trunk
Levator scapulae - Correct Answers -•Proximal Attachments
•Transverse processes of C1-C4
•Distal Attachments
•Medial border of scapula, superior to the root of the scapular spine
•Actions
•Elevates the scapula and rotates the glenoid cavity inferiorly
•Innervation and blood supply
•Dorsal scapular nerve (with contribution from C3) and dorsal scapular artery
Triangle of Auscultation - Correct Answers -breath sounds
formed by- medial border scapula, lateral trapezius, superior latissimus dorsi
rhomboid major on triangle floor
Intermediate back muscles - Correct Answers -•serratus posterior superior and serratus
posterior inferior
•Lie in between the superficial and deep back muscles
•Serve a respiratory function
serratus posterior superior - Correct Answers -•Proximal Attachments
•Nuchal ligament and spinous processes of C7-T3
•Distal Attachments
•Superior borders of 2nd-4th ribs
•Actions
•Proprioception. (may act to elevate the ribs)
•Innervation
•Intercostal nerves (anterior rami of T2-T5)
Serratus posterior inferior - Correct Answers -•Proximal Attachments
•Spinous processes of T11-L2
•Distal Attachments
•Inferior borders of 8th-12th ribs
•Actions
•Proprioception. (may act to depress the ribs)
, •Innervation
•Intercostal nerves (anterior rami of T9-T12)
Deep back muscles - Correct Answers -•"intrinsic" back muscles
-Superficial, intermediate, and deep layers
•All are enclosed by deep fascia (including the thoracolumbar fascia)
•They extend from the pelvis to the cranium
•Maintain posture and control movements of the vertebral column
•All innervated by posterior rami of spinal nerves
what is back skin innervated by - Correct Answers -posterior rami
splenius capitis - Correct Answers -distal attach-•mastoid process of temporal bone,
superior nuchal line of occipital bone
Splenis Cervicis - Correct Answers -distal attach-•- transverse processes C1-C3, or C4
Splenius muscles - Correct Answers -•Proximal Attachments
Nuchal ligament and spinous processes of C7-T6
•Actions
•Unilateral - lateral flexion of neck and rotation of head towards active muscles
•Bilateral - extension of head and neck
Erector spinae muscle group - Correct Answers -iliocostalis, longissimus and spinalis
the intermediate layer of deep back muscles
•Largest group of intrinsic back muscles
•Located along a groove on each side of the vertebral column - between the spinous
processes and angles of the ribs
Iliocostalis - Correct Answers -•It is the most lateral muscle in the erector spinae group
•Distal Attachments
•Angles of the ribs and cervical transverse processes
Longissimus - Correct Answers -•Lies between the spinalis and iliocostalis muscles
•Distal Attachments
•Ribs (between tubercles and angles), the transverse processes of thoracic and cervical
vertebrae, mastoid process of temporal bone
Spinalis - Correct Answers -•The most medial of the erector spinae group
•Distal Attachments
•Spinous processes of the upper thoracic and cervical vertebrae
Erector spinae muscle action - Correct Answers -extension of vertebral column
