Chapter-4 Health of the Individual Family Community and Environment
Questions, Assignment, Discusion Topics Answers and Case Study.
1. The nurse who is caring for a child admitted after an automobile accident recognizes the importance of
including the child's family in the plan of care. Inclusion of the family meets which of Maslow's basic
human needs?
A. Love and belonging
B. Physiologic
C. Self-esteem
D. Self-actualization
Answer: A
Rationale: Love and belonging needs include the understanding and acceptance of others in both giving
and receiving love, and the feeling of belonging to families, peers, friends, a neighborhood, and a
community. The inclusion of family and friends in the care of a client is a nursing intervention to meet
this need. Physiologic needs are met by medications and vital signs. Self-esteem is promoting the self-
worth of the individual by focusing on what the client exhibits that is positive. Self-actualization is the
client's realization or fulfillment of one's talents and potentialities.
Question format: Multiple Choice
Chapter 4: Health of the Individual, Family, Community, and Environment
Cognitive Level: Apply
Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
Integrated Process: Nursing Process
Reference: p. 81
2. During the course of assessing the family structure and behaviors of a pediatric client's family, the
nurse has identified a number of highly significant risk factors. Which action should the nurse prioritize
when addressing these risk factors?
A. Engage in appropriate health promotion activities.
B. Validate the family's unique way of being.
C. Enlist the help of community and social support.
D. Introduce the family to another family that possesses fewer risk factors.
Answer: A
Rationale: The role of the nurse in reducing risk factors involves activities that promote health for all
family members at any level of development. This consideration supersedes the importance of validating
the family's current way of being or enlisting the help of others. Introducing the family to a "model"
family is ethically and logistically questionable.
Question format: Multiple Choice
Chapter 4: Health of the Individual, Family, Community, and Environment
Cognitive Level: Apply
Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
Integrated Process: Nursing Process
Reference: p. 86
3. According to Maslow's basic human needs hierarchy, which needs are the most basic?
A. Physiologic
,B. Safety and security
C. Love and belonging
D. Self-esteem
Answer: A
Rationale: Physiologic needs, the most basic in the hierarchy of needs, are the most essential to life and
have the highest priority. Physiologic needs include oxygen, water, food, temperature, elimination,
sexuality, physical activity, and rest. From the bottom of the hierarchy upwards, the needs are:
physiological, safety, love and belonging, esteem and self-actualization.
Question format: Multiple Choice
Chapter 4: Health of the Individual, Family, Community, and Environment
Cognitive Level: Remember
Client Needs: Safe, Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
Integrated Process: Nursing Process
Reference: p. 80
4. Which is a tenet of Maslow's basic human needs hierarchy?
A. A need that is unmet prompts a person to seek a higher level of wellness.
B. A person feels ambivalence when a need is successfully met.
C. Certain needs are more basic than others and must be met first.
D. People have many needs and should strive to meet them simultaneously.
Answer: C
Rationale: Maslow arranged the hierarchy to show that certain needs are more basic than others. Although
all people have all the needs all the time, people generally strive to meet priority needs (at least to a
minimal level) before attending to other needs. The hierarchy is also based on the theory that something is
a basic need if it has the following characteristics: (1) its absence results in illness, (2) its presence helps
prevent illness or signals health, (3) meeting the need restores health, (4) it is preferred over other
satisfactions when unmet, (5) one feels something is missing when the need is not met, and (6) one feels
satisfaction when the need is met.
Question format: Multiple Choice
Chapter 4: Health of the Individual, Family, Community, and Environment
Cognitive Level: Remember
Client Needs: Safe, Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
Integrated Process: Nursing Process
Reference: p. 78
5. A client states, "I have successfully raised my family and had a good life." This statement illustrates
meeting which basic human need?
A. Safety and security
B. Love and belonging
C. Self-esteem
D. Self-actualization
Answer: D
Rationale: The highest level on the hierarchy of basic human needs is the need for self-actualization,
which includes acceptance of self and others, reaching one's full potential, and feelings of happiness and
affection for others. Safety needs in Maslow's hierarchy refer to the need for security and protection. Love
,and belonging needs include the need for interpersonal relationships. Self-esteem needs include the need
for confidence, self-esteem, achievement, and respect.
Question format: Multiple Choice
Chapter 4: Health of the Individual, Family, Community, and Environment
Cognitive Level: Apply
Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
Integrated Process: Nursing Process
Reference: p. 81
6. A 2-year-old child arrives at the emergency department of a local hospital with difficulty breathing
from an asthmatic attack. What is the priority nursing intervention?
A. giving the child a favorite stuffed animal to hold
B. assessing respirations and administering oxygen
C. raising the side rails and restraining the child's arms
D. asking the child's parent about favorite foods
Answer: B
Rationale: The priority need for a child having respiratory difficulty is oxygen. Therefore, the nurse's
immediate interventions should be to meet physiologic oxygen needs by assessing respirations and
administering oxygen. Oxygen needs are more basic than are needs for food, safety, such as raising the
rails, or security, such as giving the child a stuffed animal to hold.
Question format: Multiple Choice
Chapter 4: Health of the Individual, Family, Community, and Environment
Cognitive Level: Apply
Client Needs: Safe, Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
Integrated Process: Nursing Process
Reference: p. 80
7. A client 75 years of age is being discharged to home following a fall in the kitchen that resulted in a
fractured pelvis. The home health nurse makes a home assessment that will be used to design
interventions to meet which priority need?
A. Sleep and rest
B. Support from family members
C. Protection from potential harm
D. Feeling a sense of accomplishment
Answer: C
Rationale: Physical safety and security means being protected from potential or actual harm. Assessing
potential risks for harm in the home environment is necessary to meet physical safety needs. For this
situation, protecting the patient from potential harm has a higher priority than interventions that focus on
sleep and rest, support from family members, and feeling a sense of accomplishment.
Question format: Multiple Choice
Chapter 4: Health of the Individual, Family, Community, and Environment
Cognitive Level: Apply
Client Needs: Safe, Effective Care Environment: Safety and Infection Control
Integrated Process: Nursing Process
Reference: p. 81
, 8. A nurse caring for a client in a long-term health care facility measures the client's intake and output and
weighs the client to assess water balance. These actions help to meet which type of need in Maslow's
hierarchy of needs?
A. Physiologic
B. Safety and security
C. Love and belonging
D. Self-actualization
Answer: A
Rationale: A balance between the intake and elimination of fluids is essential to life and is, therefore, a
physiologic need, according to Maslow's hierarchy of needs. Measuring intake and output and weighing
the client help the nurse assess water balance. Safety needs in Maslow's hierarchy refer to the need for
security and protection. The third stage in Maslow's hierarchy of needs is the social stage (also known as
the love and belonging stage), which includes the need for interpersonal relationships. Self-actualization
represents growth of an individual toward fulfillment of the highest needs; those for meaning in life.
Question format: Multiple Choice
Chapter 4: Health of the Individual, Family, Community, and Environment
Cognitive Level: Apply
Client Needs: Physiological Integrity: Basic Care and Comfort
Integrated Process: Nursing Process
Reference: p. 80
9. What action by a nurse will help a client meet self-esteem needs?
A. Verbally negate the client's negative self-perceptions
B. Provide compliments about any action performed by the client
C. Independently establish goals to achieve without input from the client
D. Respect the client's values and belief systems
Answer: D
Rationale: Self-esteem needs include the need to feel good about oneself, to feel pride and a sense of
accomplishment, and to believe others respect and appreciate those accomplishments. By respecting the
client's values and beliefs, the nurse can meet self-esteem needs. Actions such as negating the client's
negative self-perceptions, establishing goals without input from the client, and providing compliments for
any action, though well-meaning, will not meet the client's self-esteem needs.
Question format: Multiple Choice
Chapter 4: Health of the Individual, Family, Community, and Environment
Cognitive Level: Apply
Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
Integrated Process: Nursing Process
Reference: p. 81
10. A nurse caring for a client in isolation with tuberculosis is aware that the client's love and belonging
needs may not be properly met. Which nursing action would help to meet these needs?
A. Respecting the client's values and beliefs
B. Focusing on the client's strengths rather than problems
C. Using hand hygiene and sterile technique to prevent infection
D. Encouraging family to visit and help in the care of the client
Answer: D
Questions, Assignment, Discusion Topics Answers and Case Study.
1. The nurse who is caring for a child admitted after an automobile accident recognizes the importance of
including the child's family in the plan of care. Inclusion of the family meets which of Maslow's basic
human needs?
A. Love and belonging
B. Physiologic
C. Self-esteem
D. Self-actualization
Answer: A
Rationale: Love and belonging needs include the understanding and acceptance of others in both giving
and receiving love, and the feeling of belonging to families, peers, friends, a neighborhood, and a
community. The inclusion of family and friends in the care of a client is a nursing intervention to meet
this need. Physiologic needs are met by medications and vital signs. Self-esteem is promoting the self-
worth of the individual by focusing on what the client exhibits that is positive. Self-actualization is the
client's realization or fulfillment of one's talents and potentialities.
Question format: Multiple Choice
Chapter 4: Health of the Individual, Family, Community, and Environment
Cognitive Level: Apply
Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
Integrated Process: Nursing Process
Reference: p. 81
2. During the course of assessing the family structure and behaviors of a pediatric client's family, the
nurse has identified a number of highly significant risk factors. Which action should the nurse prioritize
when addressing these risk factors?
A. Engage in appropriate health promotion activities.
B. Validate the family's unique way of being.
C. Enlist the help of community and social support.
D. Introduce the family to another family that possesses fewer risk factors.
Answer: A
Rationale: The role of the nurse in reducing risk factors involves activities that promote health for all
family members at any level of development. This consideration supersedes the importance of validating
the family's current way of being or enlisting the help of others. Introducing the family to a "model"
family is ethically and logistically questionable.
Question format: Multiple Choice
Chapter 4: Health of the Individual, Family, Community, and Environment
Cognitive Level: Apply
Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
Integrated Process: Nursing Process
Reference: p. 86
3. According to Maslow's basic human needs hierarchy, which needs are the most basic?
A. Physiologic
,B. Safety and security
C. Love and belonging
D. Self-esteem
Answer: A
Rationale: Physiologic needs, the most basic in the hierarchy of needs, are the most essential to life and
have the highest priority. Physiologic needs include oxygen, water, food, temperature, elimination,
sexuality, physical activity, and rest. From the bottom of the hierarchy upwards, the needs are:
physiological, safety, love and belonging, esteem and self-actualization.
Question format: Multiple Choice
Chapter 4: Health of the Individual, Family, Community, and Environment
Cognitive Level: Remember
Client Needs: Safe, Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
Integrated Process: Nursing Process
Reference: p. 80
4. Which is a tenet of Maslow's basic human needs hierarchy?
A. A need that is unmet prompts a person to seek a higher level of wellness.
B. A person feels ambivalence when a need is successfully met.
C. Certain needs are more basic than others and must be met first.
D. People have many needs and should strive to meet them simultaneously.
Answer: C
Rationale: Maslow arranged the hierarchy to show that certain needs are more basic than others. Although
all people have all the needs all the time, people generally strive to meet priority needs (at least to a
minimal level) before attending to other needs. The hierarchy is also based on the theory that something is
a basic need if it has the following characteristics: (1) its absence results in illness, (2) its presence helps
prevent illness or signals health, (3) meeting the need restores health, (4) it is preferred over other
satisfactions when unmet, (5) one feels something is missing when the need is not met, and (6) one feels
satisfaction when the need is met.
Question format: Multiple Choice
Chapter 4: Health of the Individual, Family, Community, and Environment
Cognitive Level: Remember
Client Needs: Safe, Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
Integrated Process: Nursing Process
Reference: p. 78
5. A client states, "I have successfully raised my family and had a good life." This statement illustrates
meeting which basic human need?
A. Safety and security
B. Love and belonging
C. Self-esteem
D. Self-actualization
Answer: D
Rationale: The highest level on the hierarchy of basic human needs is the need for self-actualization,
which includes acceptance of self and others, reaching one's full potential, and feelings of happiness and
affection for others. Safety needs in Maslow's hierarchy refer to the need for security and protection. Love
,and belonging needs include the need for interpersonal relationships. Self-esteem needs include the need
for confidence, self-esteem, achievement, and respect.
Question format: Multiple Choice
Chapter 4: Health of the Individual, Family, Community, and Environment
Cognitive Level: Apply
Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
Integrated Process: Nursing Process
Reference: p. 81
6. A 2-year-old child arrives at the emergency department of a local hospital with difficulty breathing
from an asthmatic attack. What is the priority nursing intervention?
A. giving the child a favorite stuffed animal to hold
B. assessing respirations and administering oxygen
C. raising the side rails and restraining the child's arms
D. asking the child's parent about favorite foods
Answer: B
Rationale: The priority need for a child having respiratory difficulty is oxygen. Therefore, the nurse's
immediate interventions should be to meet physiologic oxygen needs by assessing respirations and
administering oxygen. Oxygen needs are more basic than are needs for food, safety, such as raising the
rails, or security, such as giving the child a stuffed animal to hold.
Question format: Multiple Choice
Chapter 4: Health of the Individual, Family, Community, and Environment
Cognitive Level: Apply
Client Needs: Safe, Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
Integrated Process: Nursing Process
Reference: p. 80
7. A client 75 years of age is being discharged to home following a fall in the kitchen that resulted in a
fractured pelvis. The home health nurse makes a home assessment that will be used to design
interventions to meet which priority need?
A. Sleep and rest
B. Support from family members
C. Protection from potential harm
D. Feeling a sense of accomplishment
Answer: C
Rationale: Physical safety and security means being protected from potential or actual harm. Assessing
potential risks for harm in the home environment is necessary to meet physical safety needs. For this
situation, protecting the patient from potential harm has a higher priority than interventions that focus on
sleep and rest, support from family members, and feeling a sense of accomplishment.
Question format: Multiple Choice
Chapter 4: Health of the Individual, Family, Community, and Environment
Cognitive Level: Apply
Client Needs: Safe, Effective Care Environment: Safety and Infection Control
Integrated Process: Nursing Process
Reference: p. 81
, 8. A nurse caring for a client in a long-term health care facility measures the client's intake and output and
weighs the client to assess water balance. These actions help to meet which type of need in Maslow's
hierarchy of needs?
A. Physiologic
B. Safety and security
C. Love and belonging
D. Self-actualization
Answer: A
Rationale: A balance between the intake and elimination of fluids is essential to life and is, therefore, a
physiologic need, according to Maslow's hierarchy of needs. Measuring intake and output and weighing
the client help the nurse assess water balance. Safety needs in Maslow's hierarchy refer to the need for
security and protection. The third stage in Maslow's hierarchy of needs is the social stage (also known as
the love and belonging stage), which includes the need for interpersonal relationships. Self-actualization
represents growth of an individual toward fulfillment of the highest needs; those for meaning in life.
Question format: Multiple Choice
Chapter 4: Health of the Individual, Family, Community, and Environment
Cognitive Level: Apply
Client Needs: Physiological Integrity: Basic Care and Comfort
Integrated Process: Nursing Process
Reference: p. 80
9. What action by a nurse will help a client meet self-esteem needs?
A. Verbally negate the client's negative self-perceptions
B. Provide compliments about any action performed by the client
C. Independently establish goals to achieve without input from the client
D. Respect the client's values and belief systems
Answer: D
Rationale: Self-esteem needs include the need to feel good about oneself, to feel pride and a sense of
accomplishment, and to believe others respect and appreciate those accomplishments. By respecting the
client's values and beliefs, the nurse can meet self-esteem needs. Actions such as negating the client's
negative self-perceptions, establishing goals without input from the client, and providing compliments for
any action, though well-meaning, will not meet the client's self-esteem needs.
Question format: Multiple Choice
Chapter 4: Health of the Individual, Family, Community, and Environment
Cognitive Level: Apply
Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
Integrated Process: Nursing Process
Reference: p. 81
10. A nurse caring for a client in isolation with tuberculosis is aware that the client's love and belonging
needs may not be properly met. Which nursing action would help to meet these needs?
A. Respecting the client's values and beliefs
B. Focusing on the client's strengths rather than problems
C. Using hand hygiene and sterile technique to prevent infection
D. Encouraging family to visit and help in the care of the client
Answer: D
