What distinguishes T-cell receptors from B-cell receptors?
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1. TCRs are always membrane-bound; BCRs can be membrane-bound or
soluble (antibodies)
2. TCRs associate with MHC whereas BCRs do not
Which cytokines activate acute phase response proteins?
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IL-1, IL-6, TNF-alpha
,What are the APCs (antigen presenting cells) that have been identified by
immunologists so far?
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1. B cells
2. dendritic cells
3. macrophages
IL-12
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stimulates NK cells and T cells to produce IFN-gamma
What occurs if MAC inserts into host cell?
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Influx of Ca2+ leading to necrotic apoptosis
What are the three signals required for T cell activation?
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, 1. TCR signaling
2. Costimulatory interaction
3. Cytokine signaling (ex. autocrine and paracrine IL-2)
What is the function of RIG-1?
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RNA sensing inside the cell to alter the presence of viral RNA, part of the
CARD-family cytosolic sensors
On which cells is CD80/86 found?
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-Primarily DCs
-Also found on B cells, monocytes, and T cells
What are some of the antiviral effects of type 1 interferon?
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1. Increase in mRNA degradation
2. Decrease of mRNA synthesis
3. Inhibition of viral assembly
, CD28 is only expressed in which cell?
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T cells
For which APCs is B7 constitutively active?
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DCs
What is the role of NOD1 and NOD2?
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PRRs that detect peptidoglycan using intracellular receptors, helps to
detect bacteria that invade cells
Which pathogen is not affected by MAC?
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Gram positive bacteria because of thick peptidoglycan layer
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1. TCRs are always membrane-bound; BCRs can be membrane-bound or
soluble (antibodies)
2. TCRs associate with MHC whereas BCRs do not
Which cytokines activate acute phase response proteins?
Give this one a try later!
IL-1, IL-6, TNF-alpha
,What are the APCs (antigen presenting cells) that have been identified by
immunologists so far?
Give this one a try later!
1. B cells
2. dendritic cells
3. macrophages
IL-12
Give this one a try later!
stimulates NK cells and T cells to produce IFN-gamma
What occurs if MAC inserts into host cell?
Give this one a try later!
Influx of Ca2+ leading to necrotic apoptosis
What are the three signals required for T cell activation?
Give this one a try later!
, 1. TCR signaling
2. Costimulatory interaction
3. Cytokine signaling (ex. autocrine and paracrine IL-2)
What is the function of RIG-1?
Give this one a try later!
RNA sensing inside the cell to alter the presence of viral RNA, part of the
CARD-family cytosolic sensors
On which cells is CD80/86 found?
Give this one a try later!
-Primarily DCs
-Also found on B cells, monocytes, and T cells
What are some of the antiviral effects of type 1 interferon?
Give this one a try later!
1. Increase in mRNA degradation
2. Decrease of mRNA synthesis
3. Inhibition of viral assembly
, CD28 is only expressed in which cell?
Give this one a try later!
T cells
For which APCs is B7 constitutively active?
Give this one a try later!
DCs
What is the role of NOD1 and NOD2?
Give this one a try later!
PRRs that detect peptidoglycan using intracellular receptors, helps to
detect bacteria that invade cells
Which pathogen is not affected by MAC?
Give this one a try later!
Gram positive bacteria because of thick peptidoglycan layer
