1. In patients with lymphomas, the cancer cells invade the bone marrow and destroy
the environment required for normal hematopoiesis. This leads to bone marrow
failure, which disrupts the production of hematopoietic cell lineages. All of the
following cell types would be affected by this EXCEPT:
A. Macrophages
B. T cells
C. NK cells
D. Muscle cells
E. Dendritic cells
Give this one a try later!
D. Muscle cells
4. Effector memory T-cells (TEMs) can be distinguished from the central memory T-
cells (TCMs)
by:
,A. Expression level of CD3
B. Expression level of CCR7
C. IFN-γ secretion
D. Their lifespans
Give this one a try later!
B. Expression level of CCR7
5. Which of the statements below is TRUE about somatic hypermutation?
A. Is common for both BCRs and TCRs
B. Takes place in bone marrow C. Only applies to heavy chain D. Requires reactivation
of Rag1/2 and TdT
E. May decrease the affinity of an antibody
Give this one a try later!
E. May decrease the affinity of an antibody
1. What are the specialized cell type involved in the entry of lymphocytes into lymph
nodes
called?
A. Stromal cells
B. Follicular T helper cells
C. Dendritic cells
D. High endothelial venule (HEV) cells
E. Macrophages
Give this one a try later!
, D. High endothelial venule (HEV) cells
4. When Langerhans' cells (dendritic cells of the skin and mucosa) migrate to local
lymph nodes and differentiate into fully mature dendritic cells (DCs) they:
A. Downregulate MHC II expression
B. Increase their endocytic activity
C. Increase expression of B7.1 D. Decrease expression of B7.2 E. Become resistant to
infection by HIV-1
Give this one a try later!
C. Increase expression of B7.1
1. Antibodies that bind with high affinity to some viral surface proteins require heavy
chain
CDR3 loops of unusual length. Whereas the average human heavy chain CDR3 length
is ~15
amino acids, antibodies with VH CDR3 loops of >30 amino acids are readily detected
in the
repertoire. Which enzyme is responsible for these unusually long CDR3 loops?
A. RAG-1/2
B. The Ku70:Ku80 complex
C. DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK)
D. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)
E. The nuclease Artemis
Give this one a try later!
D. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT
, 12. Hepatitis C is a virus that infects hepatocytes, which are non-immune cells of the
liver.
Currently, patients with chronic Hepatitis C infections are treated with repeated
administration of type I interferon, predominantly interferon . One aspect of this
treatment
that might aid the patient's immune system in clearing this virus infection is: (Hint: HCV
replicates in the cytosol of hepatocytes)
A. Upregulation of MHC class I expression levels on hepatocytes
B. Activation of macrophages to produce noxious compounds that might kill the virus
C. Induction of an inflammatory response to promote neutrophil trafficking to the liver
D. Production of TNF- in response to type I interferons leading to vasodilation in the
liver
E. Induction of IL-1 and IL-6 leading to the acute phase response
Give this one a try later!
A. Upregulation of MHC class I expression levels on hepatocytes
4. Which of the following options correctly describes a mechanism used to prevent
fetal rejection?
A. Low level of TGF-B and IL-10 by the uterine epithelium and the trophoblast
B. High level of chemokine production and secretion
C. High level of MHC class I and MHC class II expression by the trophoblast
D. High expression og HLA-G by the trophoblast
E. Low expression of 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), which starves T cells of tryptophan
Give this one a try later!
D. High expression og HLA-G by the trophoblast
the environment required for normal hematopoiesis. This leads to bone marrow
failure, which disrupts the production of hematopoietic cell lineages. All of the
following cell types would be affected by this EXCEPT:
A. Macrophages
B. T cells
C. NK cells
D. Muscle cells
E. Dendritic cells
Give this one a try later!
D. Muscle cells
4. Effector memory T-cells (TEMs) can be distinguished from the central memory T-
cells (TCMs)
by:
,A. Expression level of CD3
B. Expression level of CCR7
C. IFN-γ secretion
D. Their lifespans
Give this one a try later!
B. Expression level of CCR7
5. Which of the statements below is TRUE about somatic hypermutation?
A. Is common for both BCRs and TCRs
B. Takes place in bone marrow C. Only applies to heavy chain D. Requires reactivation
of Rag1/2 and TdT
E. May decrease the affinity of an antibody
Give this one a try later!
E. May decrease the affinity of an antibody
1. What are the specialized cell type involved in the entry of lymphocytes into lymph
nodes
called?
A. Stromal cells
B. Follicular T helper cells
C. Dendritic cells
D. High endothelial venule (HEV) cells
E. Macrophages
Give this one a try later!
, D. High endothelial venule (HEV) cells
4. When Langerhans' cells (dendritic cells of the skin and mucosa) migrate to local
lymph nodes and differentiate into fully mature dendritic cells (DCs) they:
A. Downregulate MHC II expression
B. Increase their endocytic activity
C. Increase expression of B7.1 D. Decrease expression of B7.2 E. Become resistant to
infection by HIV-1
Give this one a try later!
C. Increase expression of B7.1
1. Antibodies that bind with high affinity to some viral surface proteins require heavy
chain
CDR3 loops of unusual length. Whereas the average human heavy chain CDR3 length
is ~15
amino acids, antibodies with VH CDR3 loops of >30 amino acids are readily detected
in the
repertoire. Which enzyme is responsible for these unusually long CDR3 loops?
A. RAG-1/2
B. The Ku70:Ku80 complex
C. DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK)
D. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)
E. The nuclease Artemis
Give this one a try later!
D. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT
, 12. Hepatitis C is a virus that infects hepatocytes, which are non-immune cells of the
liver.
Currently, patients with chronic Hepatitis C infections are treated with repeated
administration of type I interferon, predominantly interferon . One aspect of this
treatment
that might aid the patient's immune system in clearing this virus infection is: (Hint: HCV
replicates in the cytosol of hepatocytes)
A. Upregulation of MHC class I expression levels on hepatocytes
B. Activation of macrophages to produce noxious compounds that might kill the virus
C. Induction of an inflammatory response to promote neutrophil trafficking to the liver
D. Production of TNF- in response to type I interferons leading to vasodilation in the
liver
E. Induction of IL-1 and IL-6 leading to the acute phase response
Give this one a try later!
A. Upregulation of MHC class I expression levels on hepatocytes
4. Which of the following options correctly describes a mechanism used to prevent
fetal rejection?
A. Low level of TGF-B and IL-10 by the uterine epithelium and the trophoblast
B. High level of chemokine production and secretion
C. High level of MHC class I and MHC class II expression by the trophoblast
D. High expression og HLA-G by the trophoblast
E. Low expression of 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), which starves T cells of tryptophan
Give this one a try later!
D. High expression og HLA-G by the trophoblast
