affinity maturation
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the increase in affinity for their specific antigen of the antibodies produced
as the response progresses
commensal bacteria
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microorganisms that normal live harmlessly in symbiosis with their host,
conferring some sort of positive benefit
,antibody classes
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IgG, IgA, IgM, IgD, IgE
Fc receptors (FcR)
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-a type of cell-surface receptor on macrophages and other cells in the
immune system
-binds the Fc portions of immunoglobulins
-different types for each isotype
-binding triggers phagocytosis or release of granules
combinatorial diversity V(D)J recombination
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-the process (exclusive to developing lymphocytes in vertebrates) that
recombines different gene segments into sequences encoding complete
protein chains of immunoglobulins
-multiple contiguous V gene segments are present at each Ig locus;
randomly select just 1 of each type = great diversity
V = variable gene segment
D = diversity gene segment
J = joining gene segment
,T cell receptor (TCR)
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the cell-surface receptor for antigens an T cells
-consists of a disulfide-linked heterodimer of the highly
variable α and β in a complex with the invariant CD3 and ζ
on a subset of T cells
-only cell bound
-2 different type: gamma-delta cell (TCR1) and alpha-beta
cell (majority)
ubiquitin ligase
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an enzyme that attaches ubiquitin covalently to the surface of other
proteins
polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs)
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white blood cells with multi-lobed nuclei and cytoplasmic granules
-composed of: neutrophils, basophils, and cytoplasmic granules
affinity
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the strength of binding of one molecule to another single site
V(D)J recombinase coding and signal end modifications
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Coding end:
i. binding of repair proteins Ku70:Ku80
ii. DNA PK-Artemis complex join and open hairpin (endonuclease activity)
at random site
iii. repair by TdT/exonuclease: junctional diversity
iv. 2 coding ends are ligated by DNA ligase/XRCC4
Signal end: no modifications of ends, ligation by DNA ligase/XRCC4
G-protein coupled receptors
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-increase bacterial degradation during phagocytosis
-part of a large class of cell surface receptors that associate with
intracellular heterotimeric G proteins after ligand binding
-generate an intracellular signal by activation of the G protein
-all are seven-span transmembrane proteins
extravasation
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the increase in affinity for their specific antigen of the antibodies produced
as the response progresses
commensal bacteria
Give this one a try later!
microorganisms that normal live harmlessly in symbiosis with their host,
conferring some sort of positive benefit
,antibody classes
Give this one a try later!
IgG, IgA, IgM, IgD, IgE
Fc receptors (FcR)
Give this one a try later!
-a type of cell-surface receptor on macrophages and other cells in the
immune system
-binds the Fc portions of immunoglobulins
-different types for each isotype
-binding triggers phagocytosis or release of granules
combinatorial diversity V(D)J recombination
Give this one a try later!
-the process (exclusive to developing lymphocytes in vertebrates) that
recombines different gene segments into sequences encoding complete
protein chains of immunoglobulins
-multiple contiguous V gene segments are present at each Ig locus;
randomly select just 1 of each type = great diversity
V = variable gene segment
D = diversity gene segment
J = joining gene segment
,T cell receptor (TCR)
Give this one a try later!
the cell-surface receptor for antigens an T cells
-consists of a disulfide-linked heterodimer of the highly
variable α and β in a complex with the invariant CD3 and ζ
on a subset of T cells
-only cell bound
-2 different type: gamma-delta cell (TCR1) and alpha-beta
cell (majority)
ubiquitin ligase
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an enzyme that attaches ubiquitin covalently to the surface of other
proteins
polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs)
Give this one a try later!
white blood cells with multi-lobed nuclei and cytoplasmic granules
-composed of: neutrophils, basophils, and cytoplasmic granules
affinity
, Give this one a try later!
the strength of binding of one molecule to another single site
V(D)J recombinase coding and signal end modifications
Give this one a try later!
Coding end:
i. binding of repair proteins Ku70:Ku80
ii. DNA PK-Artemis complex join and open hairpin (endonuclease activity)
at random site
iii. repair by TdT/exonuclease: junctional diversity
iv. 2 coding ends are ligated by DNA ligase/XRCC4
Signal end: no modifications of ends, ligation by DNA ligase/XRCC4
G-protein coupled receptors
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-increase bacterial degradation during phagocytosis
-part of a large class of cell surface receptors that associate with
intracellular heterotimeric G proteins after ligand binding
-generate an intracellular signal by activation of the G protein
-all are seven-span transmembrane proteins
extravasation
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