LECOM-SH OPP 1002 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
/.plum line (KNOW what passes through) GOD FORBID you DONT know, how can you
call yourself a student doc?! - Answer-✅Line, drawn or string. dividing the body in half
in Sagittal transverse or Frontal view
/.Which postural muscles are active during "resting" position? - Answer-✅- Calves
- Neck Muscles
- Jaw muscles
/.What are the 2 phases of a normal gait? - Answer-✅Stance and swing phase
/.What are the 4 occurrences in the stance phase? - Answer-✅1) Heel strike
2) Foot flat
3) Midstance
4) Push off
/.What are the 3 occurrences in the swing phase? - Answer-✅1) Acceleration
2) Midswing
3) Deceleration
/.Starting from initial contact? What are the 8 steps using New Gait Terms - Answer-
✅1) Initial contact
2) loading response
3) mid-stance
4) Terminal stance
5) preswing
6) initial swing
7) mid swing
8) terminal swing
/.Starting from heel strike? What are the 7 steps using CLASSIC Gait Terms - Answer-
✅1) heel strike
2) foot flat
3) midstance
4) heel off
5) toe off
,6) midswing
7) heel strike
/.What is the normal base length of a normal gait? (size doesn't matter, stop judging) -
Answer-✅2-4 inch
/.What is the normal distance of a step length in normal gait? - Answer-✅15-18 inch
/.What is a normal stride length in a normal gait? - Answer-✅36 inch
/.what is the normal cadence for a normal gait? - Answer-✅100-120 steps/minute
/.What is the definition of Base length of the gait? - Answer-✅the distance b/w mid-heel
on one foot to mid heel on contralateral foot (width)
/.What is the definition of step length of a normal gait? - Answer-✅distance b/w the
point of initial contact of one foot & the point of initial contact of the opposite foot (length
per step)
/.How do you calculate velocity by using cadence and step length? - Answer-✅Cadence
x step length (in units of distance per time) (ie. mph)
/.What is the definition of length of STEP in a normal gait?
what is the average length? - Answer-✅heel strike on 1 foot to heel strike of opposite
foot. (average = 15 inches)
/.What is the definition of the length of GAIT cycle (stride) - Answer-✅heel strike of 1
foot to heel strike of the same foot = average 30 inch
/.What is foot progression angle? - Answer-✅-20 - 25°
/.What could a widened base indicate? - Answer-✅•ABDucted hip, Valgus knee
•Decreased sensation on soles of feet
•Decreased Proprioception
•Cerebellar problems
•Torn Knee cartilage
•Pregnancy
/.What could narrowed base indicate? - Answer-✅•ADDucted hip, Varus Knee
Scissoring gait (cerebral palsy)
/.During swing phase, is the ilium anterior or posterior? - Answer-✅Anterior
/.During stance phase, is the ilium posterior or anterior? - Answer-✅Posterior
, /.during gait, how far does the pelvis and trunk shift laterally?
Which direction?
why? - Answer-✅- 1 inch
- toward weight bearing side
- to center wight over hip
/.What are the 4 principles of Gait?
(there's also determinants... and more components.... so don't think for a sec you're off
the hook with only 4) - Answer-✅1) Stability of the limb in stance phase
2) Clearance of the limb in swing phase
3) Effective shifts of the limb from stance to swing & from swing to stance
4) Occurrence of these components in a fashion that promotes maximum efficiency of
energy expenditures
/.What composes quantitative gait analysis? (3) - Answer-✅• Kinematics (analysis of
motion &resulting temporal & stride measurements)
• Dynamic EMG (analysis of muscle activity)
• Kinetics (analysis of forces that produce motion)
/.What does the stance phase compose of? (4) - Answer-✅• Heel Strike to Toe Off
• 60% of Gait Cycle
• foot in contact with ground at ALL times
• Double support (at start & end)
/.What does the swing phase compose of? (3) - Answer-✅• Toe Off to Heel Strike
• 40% of Gait Cycle
• foot in contact with the ground at any time
/.What are the 4 phases of Gait? - Answer-✅1) heel strike
2) foot flat
3) midstance
4) push off
/.What is the heel strike phase? - Answer-✅The instant the foot contacts the ground
/.What is the foot flat phase? - Answer-✅From flatfoot position until the opposite foot is
ready for swing (loading response)
/.What is the midstance phase? - Answer-✅From the time the opposite foot is lifted until
the ipsilateral tibia is vertical
/.What is the push off phase? - Answer-✅From heel rise until the opposite foot contact
the ground (contralateral heel strike)
ANSWERS
/.plum line (KNOW what passes through) GOD FORBID you DONT know, how can you
call yourself a student doc?! - Answer-✅Line, drawn or string. dividing the body in half
in Sagittal transverse or Frontal view
/.Which postural muscles are active during "resting" position? - Answer-✅- Calves
- Neck Muscles
- Jaw muscles
/.What are the 2 phases of a normal gait? - Answer-✅Stance and swing phase
/.What are the 4 occurrences in the stance phase? - Answer-✅1) Heel strike
2) Foot flat
3) Midstance
4) Push off
/.What are the 3 occurrences in the swing phase? - Answer-✅1) Acceleration
2) Midswing
3) Deceleration
/.Starting from initial contact? What are the 8 steps using New Gait Terms - Answer-
✅1) Initial contact
2) loading response
3) mid-stance
4) Terminal stance
5) preswing
6) initial swing
7) mid swing
8) terminal swing
/.Starting from heel strike? What are the 7 steps using CLASSIC Gait Terms - Answer-
✅1) heel strike
2) foot flat
3) midstance
4) heel off
5) toe off
,6) midswing
7) heel strike
/.What is the normal base length of a normal gait? (size doesn't matter, stop judging) -
Answer-✅2-4 inch
/.What is the normal distance of a step length in normal gait? - Answer-✅15-18 inch
/.What is a normal stride length in a normal gait? - Answer-✅36 inch
/.what is the normal cadence for a normal gait? - Answer-✅100-120 steps/minute
/.What is the definition of Base length of the gait? - Answer-✅the distance b/w mid-heel
on one foot to mid heel on contralateral foot (width)
/.What is the definition of step length of a normal gait? - Answer-✅distance b/w the
point of initial contact of one foot & the point of initial contact of the opposite foot (length
per step)
/.How do you calculate velocity by using cadence and step length? - Answer-✅Cadence
x step length (in units of distance per time) (ie. mph)
/.What is the definition of length of STEP in a normal gait?
what is the average length? - Answer-✅heel strike on 1 foot to heel strike of opposite
foot. (average = 15 inches)
/.What is the definition of the length of GAIT cycle (stride) - Answer-✅heel strike of 1
foot to heel strike of the same foot = average 30 inch
/.What is foot progression angle? - Answer-✅-20 - 25°
/.What could a widened base indicate? - Answer-✅•ABDucted hip, Valgus knee
•Decreased sensation on soles of feet
•Decreased Proprioception
•Cerebellar problems
•Torn Knee cartilage
•Pregnancy
/.What could narrowed base indicate? - Answer-✅•ADDucted hip, Varus Knee
Scissoring gait (cerebral palsy)
/.During swing phase, is the ilium anterior or posterior? - Answer-✅Anterior
/.During stance phase, is the ilium posterior or anterior? - Answer-✅Posterior
, /.during gait, how far does the pelvis and trunk shift laterally?
Which direction?
why? - Answer-✅- 1 inch
- toward weight bearing side
- to center wight over hip
/.What are the 4 principles of Gait?
(there's also determinants... and more components.... so don't think for a sec you're off
the hook with only 4) - Answer-✅1) Stability of the limb in stance phase
2) Clearance of the limb in swing phase
3) Effective shifts of the limb from stance to swing & from swing to stance
4) Occurrence of these components in a fashion that promotes maximum efficiency of
energy expenditures
/.What composes quantitative gait analysis? (3) - Answer-✅• Kinematics (analysis of
motion &resulting temporal & stride measurements)
• Dynamic EMG (analysis of muscle activity)
• Kinetics (analysis of forces that produce motion)
/.What does the stance phase compose of? (4) - Answer-✅• Heel Strike to Toe Off
• 60% of Gait Cycle
• foot in contact with ground at ALL times
• Double support (at start & end)
/.What does the swing phase compose of? (3) - Answer-✅• Toe Off to Heel Strike
• 40% of Gait Cycle
• foot in contact with the ground at any time
/.What are the 4 phases of Gait? - Answer-✅1) heel strike
2) foot flat
3) midstance
4) push off
/.What is the heel strike phase? - Answer-✅The instant the foot contacts the ground
/.What is the foot flat phase? - Answer-✅From flatfoot position until the opposite foot is
ready for swing (loading response)
/.What is the midstance phase? - Answer-✅From the time the opposite foot is lifted until
the ipsilateral tibia is vertical
/.What is the push off phase? - Answer-✅From heel rise until the opposite foot contact
the ground (contralateral heel strike)
